日本农业结构改革中的农协问题分析  

On the Issues Concerning Agricultural Co-operatives in the Structural Reform of Japan's Agriculture

作　　者：张建[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学日本文化经济学院,上海200083

出　　处：《华东师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2015年第2期83-91,170,共9页Journal of East China Normal University（Humanities and Social Sciences）

基　　金：上海外国语大学青年教师科研创新团队资助项目"安倍经济学与日本社会转型研究"阶段性成果

摘　　要：二战后日本农协虽具有互助合作组织的制度和形式,但在农地改革以及政府对粮食进行全量管控等背景下,日本农协也在政府遂行农业政策、控制农村与农民等方面与之相妥协、相结合。日本农协在组织、业务和管理上的"综合主义"、"属地主义"、"网罗主义"、"行政依存"四大特征是其属性的具体反映,这些特征成为了制约农业行政权力,阻碍农业结构改革的关键因素,日本二战后的粮食管理制度和水稻政策充分证明了这一点。在日本,农协的自主改革和农业法律体系改革都没有解决其农业结构政策中的相关问题。今后日本农协需要进行组织、业务和经营管理改革,分离金融业务,实现专营涉农业务目标,长期看需将农协改造为具有市场竞争力的现代化农业经营组织。As far as the reform of Japan's Agricultural Co-operatives is concerned,there are opposite voices such as'protection should be regarded as the premise of reform'and'disintegration is prior'. This paper aims to analyze the key problems that Japan agriculture meets,that is,the position of Agricultural Co-operatives in the structural reform and the relationship between Agricultural Co-operatives and the structural reform,so as to find out a middle- and long-term feasible solution to Japan's Agricultural Co-operatives reform.The paper also examines important agricultural policies related to the structural reform in Japan after World War II. The future reform of Japan's Agricultural Co-operatives wants administrative reforms in organizations and operation and stripping off its financial business so as to transform Japan's Agricultural Co-operatives into organizations specialized in agricultural business in a middle term and competitive modernized agricultural organizations in a long term.

关 键 词：日本农业 结构改革 农协 水稻生产调整 

分 类 号：F331.3[经济管理—产业经济]