加拿大合同法之“受益第三人规则”  

"The Third Party Beneficiary Rule" in Canadian Contract Law

作　　者：吴文嫔[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学法学院

出　　处：《环球法律评论》2015年第2期158-175,共18页Global Law Review

摘　　要："受益第三人规则"为合同相对性原则的重要体现,意为合同之外的第三人不享有合同权利并无权对合同提起诉讼。自古典契约法时期起,该原则在加拿大合同法中就居于基础性地位,但是随着现代合同法的发展,该原则在学术界与司法界受到一定质疑,尤其在近几年的经典判例以及新不伦瑞克省的法律改革法案中有所体现。司法中广泛采用代理、信托、债权转让等模式作为例外来规避"受益第三人规则"的适用,但是第三人的权利也并没有因此而被削弱或被忽视,却在一定程度上日益得到立法与司法的承认。加拿大合同法的"受益第三人规则"的发展变化及第三人利益合同的确认对我国民法典编纂中重新审视"受益第三人规则"的地位以及第三人利益合同制度的构建具有极大的借鉴意义,我国相关制度构建应适当放宽"受益第三人规则",并且明确规定第三人利益合同制度,赋予受益第三人以独立的请求权。＂The third party beneficiary rule＂ is an important embodiment of the doc- trine of privity of contract, according to which a third party beneficiary has no right to sue the promisor. This rule has been in a fundamental position in Canadian contract law since the clas- sical period of contract law. With the development of modern contract law, more and more rights of third parties have been recognized in judicial practice and legislation. Although ＂the third party beneficiary rule＂ is maintaining its fundamental position in Canadian contract law, more and more exceptions, such as agency, trust, and assignment, are used to avoid the appli- cation of this rule. As is manifested in classical case law of recent years and the Law Reform Act in New Brunswick, the fundamental position of this rule has been gradually weakened. The weakening of the position of ＂the third party beneficiary rule＂ and the formation of the system of ＂contract for the benefit of third party＂ in Canadian contract law are of great reference value to China in the formulation of the Chinese Civil Code. In this process, China should relax ＂the third party beneficiary rule＂ and recognize the right of third party through the development of the system of contract for the benefit of third party.

关 键 词：受益第三人 合同相对性 第三人利益合同 

分 类 号：D971.1[政治法律—法学] DD913