铜精矿与铜冶炼渣的物相鉴别  

Phase identification of copper concentrate and copper smelting slag

作　　者：宋义[1] 谷松海[1] 孙鑫[1] 武素茹[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津出入境检验检疫局,天津300456

出　　处：《冶金分析》2015年第3期25-31,共7页Metallurgical Analysis

基　　金：国家质检总局科研计划项目(2013IK019)

摘　　要：按国别收集我国主要进口铜精矿及铜冶炼渣样品,采用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、矿相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等多仪器联用的方法检测铜精矿、铜冶炼渣物相特点,判断两者是否存在显著的差异。结果表明,铜冶炼渣主要物相是硅酸铁,其颗粒表面有分布均匀、大小一致的气孔等外观特征。进口铜精矿的主要物相为硫化铁铜或氧化铜,颗粒表面平滑、不规则的分布一些形态各异的气孔。铜冶炼渣与铜精矿相比在物相及颗粒特征方面有明显的差异,可以作为鉴别依据。按比例在铜精矿中混入铜冶炼渣,制备含有不同含量梯度铜冶炼渣的混合样品11个,用上述4种检测手段进行鉴别,发现X射线荧光光谱仪无法确定样品中是否掺杂铜冶炼渣;电子显微镜、矿相显微镜、X射线衍射光谱仪可鉴别出铜精矿掺杂铜冶炼渣,检出限分别为1%、5%、10%。最终确定铜精矿与铜冶炼渣的物相鉴定方法为应用X射线荧光光谱仪初查,辅以X射线衍射仪、矿相显微镜及扫描电子显微镜找到铜冶炼渣的特征物相和颗粒。鉴别方法的确立达到了从源头堵住入境铜冶炼渣易名铜精矿和铜精矿掺杂铜冶炼渣闯关的目的,为海关监管和资源利用提供了技术支持。Main imported copper concentrate and copper smelting slag samples in China were collected by countries. The properties of copper concentrate and copper smelting slag were determined by combined method with X-ray fluorescence spectrometry （XRF）, X-ray diffraction spectrometry （XRD）, metallo- graphic microscope, scanning electronic microscope （SEM）, etc. to determine whether there was signifi- cant difference between the two. The results showed that the main physical phase of copper smelting slag was ferrous silicate featured by the appearance of air pores with homogeneous distribution and same size; while the main physical phase of imported copper concentrate was ferrous copper sulfide or copper oxide featured by smooth appearance with random-distributed and various-shaped air pores. The significant difference in physical phase and particle characteristics between copper smelting slag and copper concen- trate were provided as basis for identification. Eleven mixture samples containing gradient-concentration copper smelting slag were prepared by mixing copper smelting slag into copper concentrate at certain ratio, and determined by the above four methods. It was found the XRF method cannot determine whether there was copper smelting slag in the samples; while SEM, metallographic microscope and XRD could discover there was copper smelting slag mingled in the copper concentrate smelting at the detection limit of 1%, 5% and 10%. The final method for identifying copper smelting slag from copper concentrate was determined： XRD was used for preliminary determination; XRD, metallographic microscope and SEM were used for de- termining the characteristic physical phase and particles of copper smelting slag. This identification method could prevent renaming copper smelting slag as copper concentrate and copper concentrate dopped with copper smelting slag during the import process at the source, thus providing technical support for custom supervision and resource utilization.

关 键 词：铜精矿 铜冶炼渣 属性 鉴别 X射线荧光光谱仪 X射线衍射仪 矿相显微镜 扫描电子显微镜 

分 类 号：TF802[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]