劳动力市场扭曲与收入差距研究——基于“身份”型社会视角  

The Study on Distortion of the Labor Market and the Income Disparity:From the Perspective of "Identity" Type Society

作　　者：冯涛[1] 罗小伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学经济与金融学院,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《经济管理》2015年第4期71-83,共13页Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目"交易型开放式指数证券投资基金组合套利投资中的动态市场风险测度及其最优动态资产配置策略"(71171155)

摘　　要：我国转型经济体面临的一个重要问题是如何从"身份型社会"向"职业型社会"转轨。身份型社会的最基本的特征之一就是"身份"成为决定产品或者要素价格的重要因素。从劳动力市场看,"身份"不仅会影响当前收入水平,还会使得部分群体缺乏机会和权利去改变收入状况,进而导致居民内部收入不平等程度持续扩大。本文从"身份"型社会视角提出我国劳动力市场存在"非农"与"农"、"垄断"与"非垄断"、"国有"与"非国有"以及"本地"与"外地"四类"身份"分割,并据此探讨了我国劳动力市场"身份"型分割扭曲对收入差距的作用机理,然后基于CGSS2010数据资料运用"四差异"分析法估计了转轨时期我国劳动力市场"身份"型分割扭曲对收入差距的影响程度。结果表明,个人的收入水平与其"身份"具有较强的相关性,其中,具有"非农"、"外地"、"垄断"和"国有"身份的个体分别比"农业"、"本地"、"非垄断"和"非国有"身份的个体获得的收入更高,且相对的两类人员之间确实存在着显著的收入差距。进而,运用城乡子样本和东中西部子样本检验了结论的稳健性,同时,也间接验证了经济发展水平、制度结构变迁以及市场化程度高低等因素影响着劳动力市场"身份"型分割扭曲对收人差距的作用强度。Development economists, such as Lewis,G. Ranis and J. Fei, believed that the developing economies of dual structure could realize the continuous improvement of the agricultural sector labor productivity and the gradual equilibration in resident income distribution by transferring labors from agricultural department to non-agricultural department. However, the labors moved from agricultural department in rural areas to non-agricultural de- partment in urban areas were increasing year by year because the government of China constantly eased the restric- tions on migration since the reform and opening, but the residents＇ income gap in China did not reduce in either absolute value or relative value and there was a serious imbalance in the residents＇ income distribution at present. So we had to question： why the residents＇ income gap in China constantly widened instead along with the continu- ous increase of population migration？ Whether were there some special influence factors or mechanism, which inter- fered the smooth role of population migration to income distribution？ In addition, How did Institutional reform im- pact the mechanism of labor market distortion to income distribution？ This paper argued China was still a typical ＂identity＂ society, which made the configuration role of market was hard to playing. ＂Identity＂ would not only affect the current income, but also could make some individuals lack of opportunity and the right to change income, in turn, which led to a worsening income inequality. As a result, this article, from the perspective of ＂identity＂ social, proposed there were ＂agriculture＂ and ＂non-agricultural＂, ＂mo- nopoly＂ and ＂non-monopoly＂, ＂state＂ and ＂non-state＂ and ＂local＂ and ＂outside＂ 4 class ＂identity＂ division in Chinese labor market, and studied the function mechanism of the ＂identity＂ segmentation distortion acting on in- come inequality. Then, based on CGSS2010 data, we used the ＂four differences＂ analysis method to

关 键 词：劳动力市场 扭曲 收入差距 身份 

分 类 号：F241.2[经济管理—劳动经济] F047.1[经济管理—国民经济]