短稳杆菌对斑痣悬茧蜂成虫羽化、生殖和寿命的影响  

Direct Impacts of the Bacteria Empedobacter brevis (GXW15-4) on Adult Eclosion, Fecundity and Longevity in Meteorus pulchricornis (Hymenoptera:Braconidae)

作　　者：王以一[1,2] 李保平[1] 高小文 孟玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学植物保护学院/农作物生物灾害综合治理教育部重点实验室,南京210095 [2]江苏大学生命科学研究院,镇江212013 [3]镇江应用生物科技开发研究所,镇江212009

出　　处：《中国生物防治学报》2014年第5期606-611,共6页Chinese Journal of Biological Control

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103002)

摘　　要：室内测定了短稳杆菌对斑痣悬茧蜂蛹和成虫的直接毒性,以评价其对寄生蜂的直接影响。分别用短稳杆菌低浓度(1.25×107 cfu/mL)和高浓度(5.00×107 cfu/mL)菌液浸渍1和3日龄蜂茧(用清水处理作为对照),结果表明,菌液浓度和茧龄对成蜂羽化率、羽化蜂生殖力、成蜂寿命均无显著互作影响;蜂茧日龄对成虫生殖力和寿命无显著影响,但短稳杆菌浓度显著影响羽化后成蜂的生殖力和寿命,高浓度菌液处理下产卵量和寿命显著小于清水对照和低浓度菌液处理,但在清水与低浓度菌液处理之间无显著差异。为揭示短稳杆菌在寄生蜂补充营养过程中对其造成的直接影响,先将短稳杆菌用糖水配成不同浓度糖液饲喂成蜂,发现含有推荐施用浓度及其以上的短稳杆菌糖液对寄生蜂存活有较强的不良影响,受药后48 h出现死亡,96 h后死亡率超过50%;随后测定了含有较低浓度短稳杆菌(1.25×107和3.13×106 cfu/mL)的糖液及其吸食频次(4水平)对成虫寿命的影响,结果表明,短稳杆菌浓度和寄生蜂吸食频率互作显著影响成虫的寿命,在高浓度菌液处理下,取食频率对成虫寿命没有显著影响;但在低浓度菌液和对照处理下,成虫寿命随取食频率增加而延长。研究结果说明,短稳杆菌对斑痣悬茧蜂成蜂具有一定的毒性,但以略低于大田推荐浓度进行施用时,对斑痣悬茧蜂的不良影响较小。To evaluate direct potential influence of the insect pathogenic bacterium Empedobacter brevis GXW15-4 on parasitoid Metrorus pulchricornis, laboratory trials were conducted to examine impacts of the bacterial solution on adult eclosion, fecundity and longevity. Parasitoid pupal cocoons aged 1 and 3 days were immersed in bacterial solutions at 1.25×10^7 cfu/mL or 5.00×10^7 cfu/mL for a short time, with those immersed in water as control, and then were observed for adult emergence and reproduction. There were no interactive effects between bacteral concerntration and parasitoid pupal age on adult eclosion, fecundity and longevity of emerged adults. Pupal age showed no significant influence on wasp fecundity and longevity, while bacterial concentration had significant effects on fecundity and longevity of wasps. Wasp fecundity and longevity decreased under the high bacterial concentration in comparison with those at the low bacterial concentration and water control, but did not differ between later two treatments. To examine direct impacts of the bacteria on adult parasitoids, sugar solutions with bacteria were fed to wasps. Toxic responses were detected in wasps fed solutions with a recommended or higher＆amp;nbsp;concentration of bacteria, wasp death appeared 48 h post feeding and mortality reached over 50%at 96 h post feeding. Another feeding trial was conducted to test the combined impacts of low bacterial concentrations （1.25×10^7 and 3.13×10^6 cfu/mL） and feeding frequency on adult longevity. Bacterial concentration and feeding frequency interacted in their impacts on adult longevity. Adult longevity was not affected by feeding frequency under the higher concentration tested, but increased with increasing feeding frequency under the lower bacterial concentration and water treatments. The results suggest that E. brevis could be nontoxic to M. pulchricornis when applied at below the recommended concentration.

关 键 词：细菌杀虫剂 短稳杆菌 斑痣悬茧蜂 毒性 生殖力 生物防治 

分 类 号：S476.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S476.3[农业科学—植物保护]