油菜新品种(组合)98P37-21稻田免耕适宜播种量和移栽密度研究初探  

Primary Research on the Optimal Seeding Amount and Transplanting Densities of New Rape Seed Variety (Combination) 98P37-21 in No-tillage Paddy Rice Field

作　　者：郑伟[1] 肖国滨[1] 李钟平[1] 陈明[1] 彭晓剑[2] 雷媛元 李亚贞[1] 肖小军[1] 叶川[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西省红壤研究所国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心/农业部江西耕地保育科学观测实验站,江西进贤331717 [2]安义县农业局,江西安义330500

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2015年第7期44-48,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：江西省"赣鄱英才555"工程项目

摘　　要：为了探索油菜新品种（组合）98P37-21高产、高效栽培技术,在稻板田中开展不同播种量和移栽密度试验,研究其对油菜生长发育、主要经济性状、产量及其构成因素的影响,并对直播和移栽油菜效益进行了比较。结果表明：直播油菜4.5~7.5 kg/hm^2播种量范围内（密度27.3万株/hm^2~38.7万株/hm^2）,产量随着播种量的增加呈先增后减的趋势;移栽油菜9.0万株/hm2~15.0万株/hm^2密度范围内,产量随着移栽密度的增加而增加,直播油菜以6.0 kg/hm^2产量最高,移栽油菜以15.0万株/hm^2产量最高,但高密度增产优势不明显,表明密度过大也不利于高产,甚至可能降低产量。随着播种量或移栽密度的增加,主茎总叶数、绿叶数、根颈粗、叶面积、一次有效分枝数、全株角果数、每角粒数、千粒重、单株地上部干重、单株产量呈现下降的趋势,而株高、分枝高度变高,叶面积指数变大。移栽油菜主要经济性状指标优于直播油菜,直播油菜产量和产值明显要低,但直播油菜节省劳力和减少投入,净收入却比移栽油菜多1735.7元/hm^2,效益明显要高。In order to explore productive and efficient cultivation techniques of the new rapeseed variety（Combination） 98P37-21, the effects of different seeding amount and transplanting densities on the rapeseeddevelopment, main economic traits, yield and yield components were studied, the benefit of direct sowingrapeseed and transplanting rapeseed were also compared. The results showed that： within 4.5- 7.5 kg/hm^2 seeding amount（27.3×10^4-38.7×10^4plants per hm^2densities）, the yield of rapeseed increased firstly and thendecreased with seeding amount improved; within 9.0×10^4-15.0×10^4plants per hm^2 transplanting densities, the yield of rapeseed increased with transplanting densities improved; the yields of direct sowing rapeseed with6.0 kg/hm^2 and transplanting rapeseed with 15.0 × 10^4 plants per hm^2 treatment were the highest, but theproduction advantage of high density was not obvious and was unfavorable to high yield, showed that too highdensity might even reduce production. As the seeding amount or transplanting densities increased, total leafnumbers of main stem, numbers of green leaves crown diameter, leaf area, numbers of branch, numbers of podsper plant, numbers of seeds per pod, 1000-seed weight, weight of shoot per plant, plant yield all decreased, butplant height, location of branches on the stem rose and LAI also increased. Compared with sowing rapeseed, themain economic traits of transplanting rapeseed were superior, the yield and output value of sowing rapeseedwere significantly lower, but sowing rapeseed save labors and reduce investments, the net benefit wassignificantly higher, which was 1735.7 yuan per hm^2 more than transplanting rapeseed.

关 键 词：油菜 稻田免耕 播种量 移栽密度 产量 

分 类 号：S565.404[农业科学—作物学]