干旱荒漠区物理结皮的土壤水文效应  

Soil-hydrological Effects of Physical Crusts in Arid Desert Region

作　　者：乔宇[1] 徐先英[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院/民勤治沙综合试验站,甘肃民勤733000 [2]甘肃省治沙研究所/荒漠化与风沙灾害防治国家重点实验室,兰州730070

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2015年第7期206-211,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目"石羊河下游绿洲荒漠过渡带微区集水过程及其植被效应研究"(41161006);国家重点基础研究发展计划"石羊河下游固沙植被退化过程;机理及调控"(2012CB723203);国家科技支撑计划"民勤绿洲边缘退化防护林体系修复技术集成与示范"(2012BAD16B0203);甘肃省资助项目"甘肃省沙生植物保护利用科技创新团队"(1207TTCA002)

摘　　要：在干旱荒漠区,物理结皮是广泛发育的一类结皮,其存在对维持干旱荒漠区生态平衡具有重要作用。笔者总结了物理结皮种类、形成及影响因素,综述了物理结皮对土壤降雨入渗、蒸发、地表径流以及土壤发育和微生物生长等方面的国内外研究动态,探讨了物理结皮和生物结皮的相互联系,在此基础上,提出了物理结皮进一步研究的展望,认为:在河西走廊东段的民勤沙区,粘土沙障加梭梭的固沙造林模式,促使粘土沙障在雨滴的冲刷下物理结皮广泛发育,发育的结皮降低了降水入渗,增加了地表径流,使深层土壤旱化,造成人工梭梭固沙林衰退和较深层土壤水分的减少,导致沙区生态水文过程和植被格局变化,研究对退化荒漠植被恢复与干旱沙区土壤水分循环具有意义。In the arid desert region, soil physical crust exists widely and has important ecological significancefor maintaining the balance of ecosystem. The author summarized the classification, formation and influencingfactors of physical crust, discussed the research trends on the effects of physical crusts on soil rainfallinfiltration, evaporation, direct surface runoff, soil development and microbial growth and so on at home andabroad, investigated the relationship between physical crust and biological crust, pointed out researchexpectation of physical crust. The author suggested： in the east part of Hexi Corridor, clay barriers and Haloxylon ammodendron acted as sand fixing afforestation. This mode led to physical crust extensivelydeveloped under the raindrop erosion. The crust reduced the water penetration, increased direct surface runoff,which resulted in deep soil drought and degeneration of artificial Haloxylon ammodendron and the reduction ofdeep soil moisture, it led to desert zone eco-hydrology process and vegetation pattern evolution. This study hassignificance in restoration of degraded vegetation and hydrological cycle of soil moisture in arid desert area.

关 键 词：干旱荒漠区 土壤物理结皮 土壤水文效应 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]