水分管理方式对寒地稻田土壤钾的影响  

Effect of water management on potassium in paddy soil in cold region

作　　者：孙磊[1,2] 徐姗姗[2,3] 韩利萍[2] 毕诗婷 罗盛国[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,南京210008 [2]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,哈尔滨150030 [3]孙吴县农业局,黑龙江黑河164299

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2015年第3期15-20,共6页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室基金项目(0812000034);东北农业大学科学研究基金(2008年)

摘　　要：通过室内模拟试验,研究干湿交替和长期淹水对黑龙江省广泛分布的四种类型水稻土钾淋洗损失和不同形态钾含量的影响。结果表明,不同类型水稻土钾淋洗量随干湿交替次数增加或淹水时间的延长而增加,除草甸土在干湿交替处理下钾淋洗量高于淹水处理外,其他三种土壤在连续淹水条件下的钾淋洗量均高于干湿交替处理,且白浆土>黑土>暗棕壤。与连续淹水相比,干湿交替有利于外源钾在表土层积累,同时促进黑土、白浆土和草甸土中缓效钾释放,但减弱暗棕壤中缓效钾的释放。因此,为提高土壤中有效钾供给量,减少钾的淋洗损失,白浆土型水稻土和黑土型水稻土宜采取干湿交替的水分管理方式,草甸土型水稻土和暗棕壤型水稻土可适当延长淹水时间。The simulated experiment was conducted to study the effects of alternation of drying and wetting as wel as continuous flooding on potassium（K） leaching and K content of different forms in four popular paddy soils in Heilongjiang Province. The results showed that the amount of K leaching increased under the two water management pattern. Compare to the alternation of drying and wetting, the continuous flooding would aggravate the K leaching and the amount of K leaching fol owed the sequence, albic soil＆gt;black soil＆gt;dark brown soil, and the amount of K leaching affected by continuous flooding also in the same sequence. But for meadow soil, the treatment with the alternation of drying and wetting had a higher K leaching than continuous flooding. The alternation of drying and wetting was benefit for the accumulation of applied K in topsoil and the release of slow release K of albic soil, black soil, and meadow soil but not dark brown soil. So, in order to increase the availability of K in paddy soil and reduce K leaching from soil, the alternation of drying and wetting was suitable for albic soil and black soil, but meadow soil and dark brown soil can have a little longer flooding time.

关 键 词：水稻土 寒地 干湿交替 水分管理 钾 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]