枸杞岛海藻场大型底栖无脊椎动物摄食类群研究  

Analysis of functional feeding groups of macroinvertebrates communities in the macroalgae beds of Gouqi Island,Zhejiang Province

作　　者：吴祖立[1,2] 章守宇[2] 陈彦[2] 毕远新[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所、渔业资源遥感与信息技术重点实验室,上海200090 [2]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [3]浙江省海洋水产研究所渔业资源研究室,浙江舟山316021

出　　处：《水产学报》2015年第3期381-391,共11页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41176110);国家“九七三”前期课题(2011CB111608);国家海洋局中央分成海域使用金(2011-2-2-07-3);国家海洋公益性行业科研专项(201005013-3)

摘　　要：随着海洋生态学研究的深入和海洋环境监测的需要,一些传统的研究方法如多样性指数等在评价大型底栖生物群落结构变化时显得说服力不足,而摄食功能群的研究越来越受到重视。本实验根据2012年8月对浙江枸杞岛海藻场大型底栖无脊椎动物的调查实验,分析该海域夏季大型底栖无脊椎动物摄食类群的组成、空间及数量分布,并进行相关生态评价。结果表明,枸杞岛海藻场夏季大型底栖无脊椎动物组成以肉食者和滤食者占较大优势,食碎屑者、植食者和食底泥者次之,杂食者最少;肉食者的优势种为布尔小笔螺、寄居蟹、扁平管帽螺、甲虫螺和四齿矶蟹等,滤食者的优势种为条纹隔贻贝、带偏顶蛤、短石蛏和布氏蚶等,植食者的优势种为钩虾、单一丽口螺和锈凹螺等;各摄食类群水平分布较均匀,垂直分布受水深和摄食饵料的限制;基于大型底栖无脊椎动物功能类群的生态参数评价结果表明,枸杞岛海藻场大型底栖无脊椎动物群落健康状态呈虚弱水平,大部分站位大型底栖无脊椎动物群落受到轻度扰动,底栖生态质量状况较好。Analysis of functional feeding groups is increasingly used to monitor the change in benthic macroinvertebrates community of marine ecosystems compared to traditional biodiversity analysis （ Shannon- Wiener index and Pielou index）. The present study examined species composition, abundance and spatial distribution of the functional feeding groups of macroinvertebrates in the seaweed beds of Gouqi Island in the summer of 2012. The results showed that carnivores and filter feeders dominated the macroinvertebrate communities in the macroalgae beds. The dominant species of carnivores were Mitrella burchardi,Paguridae sp. , Siphopatella walshi , Cantharus cecillei and Pugettia quadridens. Septifer virgatus , Modiolus comptus , Lithophaga curta and Arca boucardi were the dominant species of filtering feeders. The dominant species of herbivores were Gammaridea sp. , Calliostoma unicum and Chlorostoma rustica. The vertical distribution of the functional feeding groups were correlated with water depth and prey food. It was concluded that the ecological status of benthic community was at good level, but the benthic community was slightly disturbed.

关 键 词：海藻场 摄食类群 大型底栖无脊椎动物 潮下带 水肺潜水 

分 类 号：Q178.1[生物学—水生生物学] S917.4[生物学—普通生物学]