玉米苗期横垄坡面地表糙度的变化及其对细沟侵蚀的影响  

Changes of Soil Surface Roughness and Its Effects on Rill Erosion in Slope of Cross Ridge at Seedling Stage of Maize

作　　者：王鹏飞[1] 郑子成[1] 张锡洲[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学资源环境学院,成都611130

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2015年第2期30-34,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40901138;41271307);四川省学术和技术带头人培养资金项目(2012)

摘　　要：通过野外人工模拟降雨试验,研究玉米苗期紫色土坡耕地地表糙度的变化特征,并分析地表糙度对细沟侵蚀过程中产流及侵蚀产沙的影响。结果表明,细沟侵蚀阶段,与降雨前相比,降雨后地表糙度整体呈减小的变化趋势。不同坡度下,地表糙度变幅(Rr)均随雨强的增大而增大,其中15°坡面变化较为明显,1.0,1.5,2.0mm/min雨强下地表糙度变幅(Rr)分别为0.50,5.82,12.96。地表径流随雨强的增大而增大,壤中流变化不明显。15°坡面,1.5,2.0mm/min雨强的地表径流显著高于1.0mm/min;20°坡面,各雨强间地表径流量差异显著。坡面侵蚀产沙量随雨强的增大而增大,15°坡面,1.5,2.0mm/min雨强的侵蚀产沙量均显著高于1.0mm/min,其侵蚀产沙量较1.0mm/min条件下分别提高9.74倍和16.91倍;20°坡面,各雨强间侵蚀产沙量差异显著,1.5,2.0mm/min雨强的侵蚀产沙量较1.0mm/min条件下分别提高5.38倍和8.96倍。地表糙度变幅(Rr)、雨强与地表径流量和细沟侵蚀产沙量均呈极显著相关,可较好地实现坡面径流和侵蚀产沙的预测。Based on field artificial rainfall experiments,changes of soil surface roughness on purple soils at seedling stage of maize were studied,and the effects of soil surface roughness on runoff and sediment yield of rill erosion process were analyzed.The results showed that the soil surface roughness after raining generally decreased at rill erosion stage.The changed range of soil surface roughness（Rr）in different slope was increased with the increasing rainfall intensity,especially was more obvious in the 15 degree slope.Under1.0,1.5,2.0 mm/min rain intensity,Rrwas 0.50,5.82 and 12.96 respectively.The amount of surface runoff was increased with the increasing rainfall intensity,while the change of subsurface runoff wasn＇t obvious.The surface runoff amount of 1.5 mm/min and 2.0 mm/min rainfall intensity were significantly higher than 1.0mm/min in the 15 degree slope,and it had significant differences between different rainfall intensity in the 20 degree slope.The amount of sediment yield was increased with the increasing rainfall intensity.In the 15 degree slope,the sediment yield amount of 1.5 mm/min and 2.0 mm/min rainfall intensity was significantly higher than 1.0mm/min and increased 9.74 and 16.91 times respectively.In the20 degree slope,the amount of sediment yield had significant differences between different rainfall intensity.The sediment yield amount of 1.5,2.0mm/min rainfall intensity was increased 5.38 and 8.96 times respectively compared with the 1.0mm/min.Rrand rainfall intensity were significantly correlated with the amount of surface runoff and sediment yield,and could better predict the runoff and sediment yield of sloping cropland.

关 键 词：地表糙度 细沟侵蚀 玉米苗期 横坡垄作 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]