施用有机肥对Hg胁迫葡萄叶片生化特性的影响  

Effects of Organic Fertilizer on Physiological Characteristics of Grape Leaves Under Hg Stress

作　　者：冯圣东[1,2] 王伟[1,2] 石维[1,2] 杨志新[1,2] 马堃[1,2] 王小敏[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,河北保定071000 [2]河北省农田生态环境重点实验室,河北保定071000

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2015年第2期288-293,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：河北省教育厅项目(ZH2012034;ZD20131013)

摘　　要：以葡萄果树为研究对象,采用盆栽试验,研究了不同剂量Hg胁迫下施用有机肥对葡萄叶片生化特性的影响,以期为控制土壤Hg污染及调整其产业结构提供科学依据。结果表明,在对照、低剂量Hg胁迫下,整个生育期葡萄叶片相对电导率施用有机肥比未施肥均有不同程度增加,游离脯氨酸含量在开花和坐果期均明显低于未施肥处理。高Hg胁迫下,整个生育期葡萄叶片相对电导率施用有机肥比未施肥也有不同程度增加,游离脯氨酸含量在开花期远高于未施肥处理,在开花期的差异表现最为明显,开花期相对电导率增幅大小为低剂量Hg处理≈对照>高剂量Hg处理,游离脯氨酸增幅大小为高剂量Hg处理>低剂量Hg处理>对照处理。施用有机肥的所有处理葡萄叶片MDA含量均明显低于未施肥处理,且高剂量Hg胁迫下MDA坐果期、膨大期、成熟期的降低幅度比对照和低剂量Hg处理更大,坐果期和膨大期表现最为突出。Hg污染胁迫下,施用有机肥后葡萄叶片SOD活性均比未施用有机肥有明显增加,而对照处理却表现明显下降,在开花期和坐果期表现最为明显。低剂量Hg处理时,施用有机肥的坐果期葡萄叶片POD活性比未施肥提高32%,而其它Hg处理施用有机肥后POD活性与未施肥对比均有所下降,其降幅大小高剂量Hg处理低于对照。施用有机肥后的所有处理使不同生育期葡萄叶片CAT活性均比未施肥明显降低,其降幅大小为Hg污染处理明显低于对照。可见,通过增施有机肥能够明显减缓高Hg胁迫对葡萄叶片的伤害,增强了葡萄果树对Hg的抵抗力,尤其开花期抗性表现较为突出。Based on grape fruit tree as the research object,the pot experiment was adopted to study the effects of organic fertilizer on biochemical indexes in grape leaves under different Hg dosages in soil.The results showed that the application of organic fertilizer increased the content of relative conductivity of grape leaves in the whole growth period to some extent and significantly reduced the proline content of grape leaves compared with no fertilizer application under the CK control,low Hg dosage treatments.Under high Hg dosage stress in soil,the relative conductivity and proline content of grape leaves in the whole growth period after organic fertilizer application were far higher than that of no fertilizer treatments,and the most obvious differences showed in flowering period.Furthermore,The order of the difference was low dose Hg treatment≈control treatment〉high doses Hg treatment for relative conductivity and high dosage Hg treatment〉low dose Hg treatment〉control treatment for proline content.MDA content of grape leaves by applying organic fertilizers in all treatments were significantly lower than that of no fertilization treatments.The size of the decline in fruiting stage,fruit expanding process and maturity period under high Hg dosage stress were significantly greater than that of under CK and low dosage Hg treatments,and the size was more obvious especially in the fruiting stage and fruit expanding process.Under Hg stress,SOD activity of grape leaves increased evidently after organic fertilizer application than no fertilizer treatments,however,SOD activity of grape leaves reduced evidently under control treatment.especially in the flowering period and fruiting stage.POD activity in fruiting stage after organic fertilizer application increased by 32 percent more than nofertilizer application under low dosage Hg stress.POD activity after organic fertilizer application decreased compared with no fertilizer application under high dosage Hg stress and CK treatment.And the size of the decline for POD ac

关 键 词：葡萄果树 土壤Hg剂量 有机肥 生育期 抗氧化酶活性 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S141.2[农业科学—肥料学]