灌溉方法对温室栽培番茄产量及水分利用效率的影响  

Effect of different irrigation patterns on yield and water use efficiency of Tomato in Greenhouse

作　　者：刘影[1] 张玉龙[1] 张凯[1] 祁金虎[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,辽宁沈阳110866

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2015年第2期141-145,共5页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展"973"计划子课题项目(2011CB100502);沈阳市科技攻关项目(F11-117-3-00);沈阳市科技攻关项目(1091108-3-02)

摘　　要：用温室小区栽培试验的方法,研究滴灌、渗灌、沟灌三种灌溉方法对番茄养分吸收、产量及水分利用效率的影响;结果表明,温室番茄栽培采用渗灌灌溉,在其它条件相同的情况下,1 m3灌溉用水生产出的番茄数量是沟灌的1.9倍、滴灌的1.2倍,滴灌则是沟灌的1.6倍;在番茄生长的整个生育期内,滴灌土壤水吸力平均值最大为24.20 k Pa,渗灌次之为23.11 k Pa,沟灌最小为22.01 k Pa;土壤温度表现出一定差异,但差异相对较小。沟灌处理番茄果实氮素含量高于滴灌和渗灌,而滴灌能够促进番茄的营养器官对氮素的吸收。渗灌和滴灌能有效地调控耕层土壤水分,有利于土壤养分供应,具有明显的节水、增产效果,是理想的设施番茄栽培灌溉模式。A field plot experiment of tomato was conducted in the greenhouse to study the effect of three irrigation methods ,namely subsurface irrigation ,furrow irrigation ,drip irrigation ,on nutrient uptake ,yield and water use effi-ciency to tomato .Results showed that ,under the same conditions ,the yield of sub irrigation was 1 .9 times to furrow ir-rigation and 1 .2 times to drop irrigation ,drop irrigation was 1 .6 times to furrow irrigation at per cubic meter of water consumed .The soil water suction of drop irrigation was 24 .20 kPa ,subsurface irrigation was 23 .11 kPa ,and furrow irri-gation was 22 .01 kPa .The temperature of soil showed small differences .The nitrogen content of furrow irrigation was higher than drop irrigation and subirrigation .Drip irrigation could promote the absorption of nitrogen in tomato’s nutri-tional organs .The two methods could significant effect water saving and yield improving .Subsurface irrigation and drip irrigation are the ideal irrigation mode in tomato cultivation .

关 键 词：灌溉方法 番茄 养分吸收 水分利用 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]