品种与施肥对次生盐碱地牧草光合特性的影响  

Effects of varieties and fertilization on the photosynthetic characteristics of forages in secondary saline-alkali land

作　　者：陈科元[1] 贾倩民[1] 陈彦云[1,2] 刘秉儒[1] 韩润燕[3] 李旺霞 

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏大学生命科学学院,宁夏银川750021 [3]西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室,宁夏银川750021 [4]西部生态与生物资源开发联合研究中心,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2015年第2期196-202,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2011BAC07B03);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划:2012CB723206)

摘　　要：通过正交设计L18(61×36)在宁夏盐池次生盐碱地进行草地建植试验,探讨牧草品种、有机肥、NKP肥及苦豆子秸秆对牧草光合特性的影响。结果表明:正交设计方法得到提高净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、水分利用效率(WUE)、叶绿素含量及降低胞间C02浓度(Ci)的最佳组合为草木樨(Melilotus offcinalia)+有机肥36 t·hm-2+NPK(N 165 kg·hm-2、P 135 kg·hm-2和K 135 kg·hm-2)+秸秆15 t·hm-2,这与Pn、Gs、WUE、叶绿素含量最高及Ci最低的处理15相一致,证实了正交设计结果的可靠性;4个因素对蒸腾速率(Tr)、Pn、Gs及Ci的影响程度大小均为品种>有机肥>NPK>秸秆,对WUE及叶绿素含量的影响程度大小为品种>NPK>有机肥>秸秆;品种和有机肥对Pn、Tr、Gs、WUE及叶绿素含量影响极显著(P<0.01),NPK对Pn、Gs、WUE及叶绿素含量影响极显著(P<0.01),对Tr和Ci影响显著(P<0.05),苦豆子秸秆对Pn和WUE影响极显著(P<0.01);豆科的Pn、Tr、Gs、WUE及叶绿素含量显著大于禾本科(P<0.05),草木樨的Pn、Gs、WUE及叶绿素含量显著高于紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)和沙打旺(Astragalus adsurgens),禾本科披碱草(Elymus cylindricus)的Pn、WUE及叶绿素含量显著高于扁穗冰草(Agropyron cristatum)和蒙古冰草(Agropyron mongolicum Keng);相关分析表明,Pn与Tr、Gs、WUE及叶绿素含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与Ci呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。To compare the effects of species ,organic manure ,NPK and sophora alopecuroides straw on leaf photo-synthetic characteristics ,an artificial pasture planting in Ningxia in arid sandy area using L 18 （61 × 36 ） orthogonal test was implemented .The results showed that the optimal combination to enhance net photosynthetic rate （ Pn） ,stomatal con-ductance （Gs） ,water use efficiency （WUE） ,chlorophyll content and intercellular CO2 concentration（Ci） was to use Melilotus offcinalia ＋ organic manure 36 t·hm - 2 ＋ NPK （N 165 kg·hm - 2 ,P 135 kg·hm - 2 and K 135 kg·hm - 2 ） ＋straw 15 t·hm - 2 .The combination was consistent with the Treatment 15 that had the highest Pn ,Gs ,WUE ,chloro-phyll content and lowest Ci .The influencing effects on transpiration rate （Tr） ,Pn ,Gs ,Ci were in the order of species〉 organic manure 〉 NPK 〉 straw and WUE ,and for chlorophyll content ,the order was species 〉 NPK 〉 organic manure〉 straw .The effects of species and organic manure on Pn ,transpiration rate ,Gs ,WUE and chlorophyll content were highly significant （P〈 0 .01） ,and those of NPK on Pn ,Gs ,WUE and chlorophyll content were highly significant （P〈 0 .01） but significant （ P〈 0 .05） on transpiration and rate Ci .Effects of straw on Pn and WUE were highly signifi-cant （ P〈 0 .01） .Legume was significantly （ P 〈 0 .05） higher in Pn , Tr , Gs , WUE and chlorophyll content than gramineae .Melilotus suaveolens had stronger productive performance than Medicago sativa and Astragalus adsurgens , and Elymus cylindricus had higher Pn , WUE and chlorophyll content than Agropyron cristatum and Agropyron mon-golicum Keng .Pn had highly significant positive correlations with Tr ,Gs ,WUE and chlorophyll content and significant negative correlation with Ci （P〈 0 .01） .

关 键 词：牧草品种 次生盐碱地 光合特性 有机肥 N、 P、 K肥 苦豆子秸秆 

分 类 号：S156.5[农业科学—土壤学] S661.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]