千岛湖花臭蛙个体发育过程中的食性变化  

Ontogenetic Shifts in Diet of the Piebald Odorous Frog Odorrana schmackeri in the Thousand Island Lake

作　　者：吴强[1] 王彦平[1] 丁平[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学生命科学学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2015年第2期204-213,共10页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.31210103908;31100394)

摘　　要：个体发育过程中的食性变化普遍存在于无尾目类群中。我们于2012～2013年，对千岛湖地区的花臭蛙（Odorranaschmackeri）进行抓捕采样，测量体长、体重以及头宽等身体指标，同时鉴定胃内食物并加以测量和分析。调查期间，共捕获花臭蛙838只，测量胃内食物2178个。结果表明，花臭蛙食物种类丰富，食物类群隶属78科，但食谱宽度较窄。随着花臭蛙体长增加，其摄食的食物总体积和单个食物体积显著增加，但摄食食物数量显著减少。同时，不同体长的花臭蛙对不同食物的摄食频率也有不同。半翅目、膜翅目以及等翅目等小型食物的摄食频率随花臭蛙体长的增加而变小，而直翅目以及鳞翅目幼虫等大型食物的摄食频率随花臭蛙体长的增加而变大。综上所述，千岛湖地区花臭蛙在个体发育过程中存在食性变化，因此在以后无尾目类群的食性研究中，应将个体发育的因素考虑在内。Diet change is well known in anurans ontogenetic, the diet composition and ontogenetic diet shifts were examined in piebald odorous frogs （Odorrana schmackeri） in the Thousand Island Lake during 2012 - 2013. Frogs were captured by hands, body indices （snout-vent length, weight and head width） were measured and gut contents were flushed by stomach flushing. All prey items were identified to lowest possible taxonomic level （usually Family）. Schoener＇s overlap index was used to evaluate the diet composition overlap between sexes and different years. We used Spearman correlation analysis to test whether total prey volume, single prey volume, prey number and the frequency of six major prey items were dependent on snout-vent length （SVL）. At last, a total of 838 frogs were captured and 2 178 prey items were documented. This frog had a great diversity of food items belonged to 78 families （Table 1）. However, the diet breadth of this frog was narrow. As the frog sizes increased, the total volume （R = 0.522, P 〈 0.001, Fig. la） and single volume （R = 0.416, P 〈 0.001, Fig. lb） of prey items increased, but the number of prey （R = - 0.098, P = 0.011, Fig. lc） decreased. The frequency of small prey items, such as Hemiptera （R = - 0.649, P = 0.001, Fig. 2a）, Hymenoptera （R = - 0.593, P = 0.002, Fig. 2b） and Isoptera （R = - 0.540, P = 0.006, Fig. 2c）, became lower with frog body size increase. In contrast, the frequency of large prey items, including Orthoptera （R = 0.675, P 〈 0.001, Fig. 2d） and Lepidopterous larvae （R = 0.489, P = 0.015, Fig. 2e） consumed by larger frogs was higher. Our results indicate that ontogenetic diet change occurs in piebald odorous frog and ontogenetic change should be considered in diet studies conducted in the future.

关 键 词：个体发育变化 食性 食物选择 花臭蛙 千岛湖 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]