基于ASTER的蛇绿混杂岩带岩性识别  

Lithological discrimination of the ophiolitic mixtite belt using ASTER data

作　　者：马睿[1,2] 张晓帆[1,2] 陈川[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆大学地质与矿业工程学院,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐830047 [2]新疆大学新疆中亚造山带大陆动力学与成矿预测重点实验室,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐830047

出　　处：《遥感学报》2015年第2期195-208,共14页NATIONAL REMOTE SENSING BULLETIN

基　　金：国家十二五科技支撑计划重点项目(编号:2011BAB06B08)

摘　　要：本文运用ASTER遥感数据识别与提取新疆南天山铜花山地区蛇绿混杂岩带岩性信息。首先,利用比值法快速区别岩性,并比较了识别同一种岩性的不同指数的性能;然后,将对数残差算法应用在ASTER数据的短波红外波段上,在区域尺度上把蛇绿岩杂岩体同围岩区分开来;最后,运用标准光谱数据和光谱角填图法识别出多种蛇绿岩成分及其空间分布。现有地质图和野外验证反映出该方法有一定效果。利用混淆矩阵对光谱角填图法分类结果定量评价,结果表明,把ASTER的可见光-近红外、短波红外波段数据结合在一起进行岩性分类,可以达到比单独用短波红外数据分类更高的分类精度。This study explores the potential of using ASTER data to extract lithology information on the ophiolitic mixtite belt in the Tonghuashan region of southern Tianshan.First,we used the band ratio to quickly obtain information on rock assemblages. Second,we chose a number of lithological identification indices that have been established in previous research,including the Quartz Index（ QI）,Carbonate Index（ CI）,and Mafic Index（ MI）. We used these indices to distinguish among the silicates,carbonate rocks,and mafic-ultramafic rocks in the study area,and we also compared their performance in identifying the same kind of lithology. Third,we applied the log residual algorithm method on all the shortwave infrared（ SWIR） bands of the ASTER data to examine its effectiveness in detecting ophiolite ingredients. Lastly,we employed the laboratory spectral data and spectral angle mapper method to identify the spatial distribution of the ophiolite complex. Quantitative evaluation results were achieved using the confusion matrix,and the related evaluation factors were obtained after separately applying the method on the ASTER SWIR and visible and near-infrared（ VNIR）-SWIR data.In this study,we found that the band ratio method is suitable for suppressing the influence of the terrain and that it helps identify and understand geological information. On the one hand,the lithology index QI（ 2008） image displayed less noise and more correctness than the lithology index QI（ 2005） image in displaying the spatial distribution of silicate rocks,and the lithology index CI（ 2005） image was more accurate than the CI（ 2003） image in the distribution of marble. On the other hand,the lithology indices MI and QI（ 2008） images collated with each other well and showed most of the ultramafic rocks in the area. The log residual algorithm successfully discriminated the ophiolite complex body from the surrounding rocks at the regional scale. The method of using the standard spectral data and spectral angle mapper t

关 键 词：ASTER 蛇绿混杂岩带 岩性信息 光谱角填图 定量评价 

分 类 号：P627[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]