水库联合运行对库下汛期河道过水断面形态参数变化率的影响——以黄河内蒙古河段为例  

Impact of joint operation of reservoirs on the change ratio of downstream cross-sectional geometry parameters:A case study of the Inner Mongolian reach of the Yellow River

作　　者：苏腾[1,2] 王随继[1] 梅艳国 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所中国科学院陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《地理学报》2015年第3期488-500,共13页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973项目)(2011CB403305);国家自然科学基金项目(41271027)~~

摘　　要：水库联合运行对于库下河道的影响是河流地貌学近年来的热点问题,如何定量表征河道的因应调整则是其难点所在。基于同水位河道过水断面形态参数变化率分析方法,针对黄河内蒙古河段磴口、巴彦高勒、三湖河口、头道拐4个水文站,利用刘家峡水库、龙羊峡水库联合运行之前的1978-1982年、之后的2008-2012年汛期前后实测断面资料,计算了相应年份上述各站同水位下的河道断面面积、水面宽、平均水深等特征参数在经历汛期冲刷后的变化率。结果表明,每年在经历汛期洪水冲刷之后,上述形态参数总体上以增大为主,变化率为正值;大型水库联合运行之前与之后的两个时期相比,同水位下河道断面面积、水面宽和平均水深的变化率分别减小了3.4、3.5和2.8倍。过水断面形态参数的沿程空间变化也由之前的上凸形曲线变为之后增减相间的"S"形曲线。其原因在于,大型水库联合运行削减了洪峰流量、降低了汛期最大流速,从而导致洪水造床能力显著变弱,河道断面形态参数的变化率因之显著减小。大型水库联合运行使黄河内蒙古河道明显萎缩,这不利于可能遭遇的极端大洪水的安全行洪,因此,需要合理利用这些水库的调节功能,有效控制汛期总水沙量和洪峰流量,避免因过度调节而使河道持续萎缩,为可能出现的极端大洪水的安全行洪创造条件。Studies of the impacts of reservoir operation on downstream channel changes have been a hot spot in fluvial geomorphology in the last decades. However, it remains unknown on how to quantitatively express channel adjustments induced by the joint operation of upstream reservoir systems. The joint operation of the Liujiaxia and Longyangxia reservoirs on the upper Yellow River since 1986 has significantly influenced downstream channel variations. The objective of the paper is to analyze the channel cross-section changes at Dengkou, Bayangaole, Sanhuhekou, and Toudaoguai gauge stations located in the Inner Mongolian reach of the upper Yellow River in the period 1978- 1982 （the earlier period, before the joint operation） and the period 2008-2012 （the later period, after the joint operation）. As for the four gauge stations, we calculated the change ratios of cross-sectional geometry parameters, including channel cross-section area, water width, mean water depth, and the ratio of width to depth, at a given water level after the flooding season. The results show that most of the change ratios of the geometry parameters increased remarkably after the flooding season. Furthermore, the change ratio of each parameter at all the channel cross-sections decreased significantly in the later period compared with that during the earlier period. The change ratio of the cross-section area decreased 3.4 times while that of the water width and mean water depth decreased 3.5 times and 2.8 times, respectively. Spatially, the downstream variations of the change ratio of the geometry parameters evolved from a convex curve in the earlier period to an ＂S＂-shaped curve in the later period. The observed decreases of the change ratios of channel geometry parameters are due to the joint operation of large upstream reservoirs. These reservoirs stored a large amount of flood water and reduced the peak discharge and maximum flow velocity in the flooding season; as a result, the erosion ability of the floods decreased. With the joint ope

关 键 词：过水河道断面 形态参数 变化率 水库 联合运行 黄河 内蒙古 

分 类 号：TV147[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]