干细胞在肝损伤中的机制研究  

Mechanism research of stem cells in liver injury

作　　者：张媛[1] 朱英[2] 

机构地区：[1]大连医科大学 [2]大连医科大学附属第一医院感染科,辽宁大连116011

出　　处：《中国医药科学》2015年第4期20-23,共4页China Medicine And Pharmacy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81273925)

摘　　要：正常的肝细胞和胆管上皮细胞(胆管上皮细胞)处于静态状态。但是肝脏在面对大规模的实质细胞损失时是一个具有高度再生能力的器官。在肝损伤及肝功能受损时,成熟肝细胞分化增殖是恢复动态平衡的第一道防线。尽管肝脏功能较正常肝脏时降低,但肝移植的研究表明,移植的肝细胞有生存优势,在增殖中占主导地位。但是肝移植患者数目的增加,肝源匹配困难等问题的凸显迫使我们不得不采用新的治疗手段刺激肝脏再生,延长终末期肝病患者的生存期。最近研究证实,在终末期肝病患者和肝病模型中,干细胞在肝损伤修复中有重要作用,干细胞移植被看作为一个潜在的替代移植技术。然而,我们对肝脏干细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞的理解目前仍处于起步阶段。一方面,不断有文献证实肝脏干细胞可以成为肝星状细胞和肌成纤维细胞论证。另一方面,干细胞研究的不断深入,应用的更加谨慎也因为它可能显示出肝脏细胞癌的细胞特性。本篇综述将阐述在肝脏损伤后干细胞肝向分化的作用机制,重点阐述相关信号通路,以促进未来靶向治疗研究。Hepatocytes and bile duct epithelial cells are in quiescent state under normal Homeostasis. But liver is a heightly reproductive organ when massive liver parenchymal cells are loss. In response to liver injury or loss of liver cells, proliferation of mature liver cells is the first line defense to restore liver homeostasis. Despite the fuction of liver decreased in liver injured, the studies of liver transplantation were suggested that transplanted liver cells have a survival advantage. Increasing number of patients with liver transplantation and matching source compel us to adopt new treatments to stimulate liver cells regeneration and prolong survival time of patients with end-stage liver disease. Recent studies have demonstrated that in patients with end-stage liver disease and liver disease model, stem cells have an important role in liver injury repair, stem cell transplantation is reported to be a new potential method of transplantation. However, the role of liver stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells is still unclear. On the one hand, it was found that in new data the stem cells involved in liver injury repair time has a tendency to liver fibrosis,On the other hand, the deepening of stem cell research, the application of a more cautious but also because it may show the characteristics of tumor differentiation at the same time with deepening study of stem cell research and it caused a cautious application about stem cells.

关 键 词：肝损伤 骨髓间充质干细胞 肝脏干细胞 信号通路 

分 类 号：R657.3[医药卫生—外科学]