基于N-SPECT模型的胶东半岛土壤侵蚀及泥沙入海通量研究  

A Study on Soil Erosion and Sediment Flux to Coastal Waters in Jiaodong Peninsula Based on N-SPECT Model

作　　者：常远勇[1,2] 侯西勇[2] 于良巨[2] 毋亭[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]上海市气象科学研究所,上海200030 [2]中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所,山东烟台264003 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2015年第1期187-192,I0001,I0002,共8页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"胶东半岛土地利用变化对近岸海域陆源非点源污染的影响效应研究"(40801016);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-224);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA05130703)

摘　　要：[目的]探讨土壤侵蚀与土地利用的关系,为胶东半岛海岸带水环境保护和治理以及流域综合管理提供必要的技术支持和参考依据。[方法]在RS-GIS技术支持下,基于N-SPECT模型,对胶东半岛2006—2010年土壤侵蚀量及泥沙入海通量进行模拟。[结果]土壤侵蚀高值区集中于半岛东部和南部,低值区主要分布于半岛中部和中南部。大沽河流域、五龙河流域和大沽夹河流域3大流域对整个胶东半岛的土壤侵蚀贡献最大。针对3大流域之外的其他半岛区域,按照汇水区划分岸段,各岸段单位长度泥沙入海通量的空间差异显著,青岛市城阳区海岸、青岛南端(胶南)海岸、莱州湾东部海岸和威海西南端海岸泥沙通量最大。[结论]土壤侵蚀和产沙与源区土地利用结构密切相关。总体而言,耕地主导型区域是土壤侵蚀严重的区域,而林地和草地具有减轻土壤侵蚀的作用。[Objective] To study the relation between soil erosion and landuse patterns, in order to provide useful information for coastal water environment protection and the integrated river basin management in Jiaodong peninsula. [Methods] Taking Jiaodong Peninsula as the case study area, we evaluated soil erosion and sediment flux into coastal waters by using N-SPECT model and RS and GIS techniques. [Results] The high loads of soil erosion were found in eastern and southern coastal areas in Jiaodong peninsula, while low loads were mainly distributed in the middle and central region of the study area. The three watersheds （Dagu, Wulong and Dagujia river） contributed most to the soil erosion and sediment transportation. The sediment flux to coastal waters through shorelines exhibited high complicated spatial patterns, coastal areas in Yangcheng District, Southern Qingdao（Jiaonan City）, Eastern Laizhou bay and the southwest of Weihai City have the highest sediment flux. [Conclusion] Both soil erosion and sediment were closely related to watershed land use, generally, farmland dominated areas have the most severe soil erosion, while woodland and grassland could prevent soil erosion to a great extent.

关 键 词：胶东半岛 海岸带 土壤侵蚀 泥沙通量 土地利用 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]