干旱区梨园节水灌溉制度  

Water-saving Irrigation Regulation of Pear Orchard in Arid Areas

作　　者：李洁[1] 张盼飞 宋宇琴[1] 杨盛[2] 李六林[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学园艺学院,山西太谷030801 [2]山西省农业科学院果树研究所,山西太谷030815

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第2期219-224,共6页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：山西省科技攻关项目(20130311021-2)

摘　　要：梨树是需水较多的果树树种,灌溉是生产高产、优质梨果的必要措施。在论述果园节水灌溉理论体系和分析梨树需水规律的基础上,提出:梨树灌溉时期为发芽前后到开花期、新梢生长和幼果膨大期、果实迅速膨大期、采果后及封冻前;丘陵山地梨园宜采用的节水灌溉方式包括:微灌、膜上灌及倒虹吸引水;平原地区梨园常规节水灌溉方式有地面灌溉、喷灌、微灌、膜上灌溉,以及梨树调亏灌溉和分区交替灌溉相结合的灌溉方式。对今后我国果园的节水灌溉发展趋势做出分析,以期在目前水资源危机和干旱环境下,提高梨果的产量和质量,促进梨产业的可持续发展。Pear is one of fruit tree species need more water. Irrigation is necessary for producting the high-yield, and high-quality pears. On the basis of studing the theoretical system of water-saving irrigation and analysising the water re- quirement rule of pear trees, we proposed：pear irrigation periods was after germination to blossom period, the growth of new shoots and fruit enlargement period, rapid fruit enlargement, after harvesting and before frozen; Water-saving irrigation methods in hills and mountains pear orchards were., micro-irrigation, irrigation on film, siphon formula attract wate. Ground irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, micro-irrigation, irrigation on membrane as well as RDI and CRAI should be adopted in plains pear orchards. We also analysised the development trend of China＇s orchard water-saving irrigation, in order to improve the yield and quality of pear in the current crisis of water resources and drought environment, and to promote the sustainable development of pear industry.

关 键 词：节水灌溉 灌溉制度 梨园 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]