钙钛矿型氧化物的制备及其在固体氧化物燃料电池和金属-空气电池中的应用  

Preparation and Applications of Perovskite-Type Oxides as Electrode Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and Metal-Air Battery

作　　者：庄树新[1] 吕建先 路密[1] 刘翼民[1] 陈晓彬[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门理工学院材料科学与工程学院,厦门361024

出　　处：《化学进展》2015年第4期436-447,共12页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金项目(No.2014J05064);福建省教育厅科研项目(No.JK2013034)资助~~

摘　　要：本文对钙钛矿型氧化物的制备方法及其用于固体氧化物燃料电池(SOCFs)和金属-空气电池中的最新进展进行了较为全面的综述。制备钙钛矿型氧化物的方法有很多,包括盐分解法、固相法、共沉淀法、溶胶-凝胶法、水热法、反微乳法和模板法等。不同的制备方法可以得到各种形貌的钙钛矿型氧化物,如纳米立方体、纳米管、纳米棒、纳米片、纳米纤维和介孔结构。本文总结了这些制备方法的优点、缺点以及其适用的范围。作为一种重要的功能材料,钙钛矿型氧化物广泛应用于电极材料中。在SOCF中,重点介绍了阴极、阳极和电解质的研究现状,从电极材料的设计出发,比较了它们用于不同电极材料时的稳定性、电导率以及电催化活性,指出不足之处;在空气电极中,主要讨论了影响钙钛矿型氧化物氧的析出/还原催化活性和稳定性的因素。最后对钙钛矿型氧化物今后研究的方向和应用前景进行了预测。This review presents current research activities concerning preparation and applications of perovskite- type oxides as electrode materials in the fields of solid-oxide fuel cells （SOFCs） and metal-air batteries. These oxides are synthesized by various methods, including thermal deposition, solid state method, co-precipitation, sol-gel method, hydrothermal method, reverse microemulsion method and template method. These methods result in various morphologies, such as nanaoplates, nanocubes, nanotubes, nanorods, nanofibers and mesoporous structures. The advantage and shortcoming of these methods are summarized, and their characters and proper ranges are listed. As a kind of important functional materials, perovskite-type oxides are extensively used as electrode materials. In the application of SOFCs, the advancement of the perovskite-based electrode materials is reviewed. In order to find a way to satisfy the strict requirements of SOFCs, this article is focused on their phase stability, electronic and/or ionic conductivity, and catalytic activity in different electrodes for SOCFs. The main problems of current perovskite-type oxides as electrode materials for practical application are pointed out and the possible future research directions are proposed. In the application of air electrodes, the parameters influencing catalytic performance and stability for oxygen reduction/evolution are mainly discussed. The possible development trend in investigations and applications of pervoskite-type oxides for electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction/evolution in the future is envisioned.

关 键 词：钙钛矿型氧化物 电极材料 制备 纳米结构 

分 类 号：TB383[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TM911.4[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]