连垄全覆盖降解膜集雨种植促进玉米根系生长提高产量  

Ridge-furrow planting with biodegradable film mulching over ridges for rain harvesting improving root growth and yield of maize

作　　者：周昌明[1,2] 李援农[1,2] 银敏华[1,2] 谷晓博[1,2] 赵玺[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2015年第7期109-117,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家863计划项目(2011AA1005A4)

摘　　要：普通地膜覆盖导致的环境污染和土地退化已越来越严重,用降解膜代替普通地膜覆盖是目前研究较多的一种解决方法。为了探究更加有效的降解膜覆盖方式,2013—2014年采用田间试验方法,探讨平地无覆盖种植(CK)、平地全降解膜覆盖种植(M1)、垄覆降解膜沟种植(M2)、连垄全降解膜覆盖种植(M3)4种覆盖种植方式对土壤水分蓄积、玉米根系生长、产量以及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,M1、M2、M3处理下,2 a平均贮水量较CK分别提高了7.40%、9.54%和13.2l%,整个生育期蓄水量也显著高于CK对照(P<0.05)。3种覆盖处理的根长、根表面积、根体积以及根干质量均显著高于CK处理,根系密度较CK分别增加了9.23%、13.85%、16.92%,蓄水量与玉米总根长、根表面积相关系数分别达到0.83、0.77。M1、M2、M3覆盖处理2 a平均产量比CK增加16.03%、18.53%、40.22%,水分利用效率提高2I.29%、26.57%、57.27%,蓄水量与籽粒产量、水分利用效率均具有极显著的正相关性,相关系数分别为0.91和0.86,其中M3覆盖处理对田间集水效果、作物根系生长以及产量影响最大,覆盖效果显著优于Ml、M2处理。因此,连垄全覆盖降解膜种植方式(M3)能有效发挥最佳的蓄积雨水、促进玉米生长和提高产量的效果,对于旱区降解膜覆盖研究具有重要的实际意义和理论价值。Plastic film mulching can reduce soil evaporation and improve water use efficiency, thereby relieving water shortage and steadily increasing crop productivity in arid and semi-arid region of China. For such reasons, plastic mulching film has been increasingly used, which leads to many negative effects such as environment pollution and land degeneration. Biodegradable film is considered to be a promising way to solve such problems caused by plastic film without compromising its positive effects. Many studies focus on the effects of biodegradable film mulch on soil water storage and maize growth, but few has dedicated to the effect of biodegradable film mulching combined with planting patterns on maize growth. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of biodegradable film with plating patterns on soil water storage, maize root growth and maize yield. A field experiment was carried out from June to November in 2013 and 2014, respectively. Four kinds of treatments were designed using complete randomized block design with three replicates, respectively： flat planting without mulching （CK）, fiat planting with biodegradable film mulching （M1）, ridge-furrow planting with biodegradable film mulching over ridge only （M2） and ridge-furrow planting with biodegradable film mulching over ridges （M3）. The maize variety was Luodan 9 for the two-year experiments. Soil moisture of 0-200 cm depth during different growth stage and before and after a rainfall, maize yield and root growth （including root length, root surface area, root volume and total root dry weight） in the maize mature stage under different mulching patterns were measured. The correlation between soil water storage capacity and root indicators, water use efficiency and yield was analyzed. Results showed that degradation of films under different plating patterns was similar. The mulching treatments all played an important role in rainfall harvesting. With the degradation of biodegradable film, the capacity of rainwater harvesting

关 键 词：地膜 降解 土壤 夏玉米 根系 水分利用效率 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]