海河北系(天津段)污染负荷解析  

Analysis of Pollution Load in the North of Haihe Basin in Tianjin

作　　者：张晓惠[1] 杨亚男[2] 李露凝 陈红[1] 焦永杰[1] 董菁[1] 杨静[1] 袁雪竹[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津市环境保护科学研究院,天津300191 [2]天津工业大学环境与化学工程学院,天津300387 [3]华东师范大学地理科学学院,上海200241

出　　处：《城市环境与城市生态》2015年第2期20-24,共5页Urban Environment & Urban Ecology

基　　金：国家科技重大专项"海河北系(天津段)河流水质改善集成技术与综合示范"(2012ZX07203-002)

摘　　要：针对海河北系(天津段)水环境质量逐年恶化的现象,本文从点源污染和面源污染的角度,调查分析了该流域存在的主要污染源及其排污现状。通过实地调查和相关数据统计,采用数据统计法、系数估算法等计算各汇水区的污染负荷。研究结果显示,研究区污染物总负荷COD为65 283 t,氨氮为12 324 t,其中点源污染贡献率仅为14%、5%。点源污染排放量较大的行业主要有冶金业、石油化工、轻工食品业和服装纺织业,四大行业COD和氨氮排放量分别占整个流域企业点源污染排放总量的73%和84%以上。面源污染贡献率较大,是最主要的污染源,其中以农田地表径流污染贡献率最高,COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷贡献率占整个流域面源污染的67%、64%、77%、82%。该研究为海河北系(天津段)水污染源头治理和水环境管理提供了参考依据。Based on the phenomenon of water quality deterioration in the north of Haihe Basin of Tianjin, this paper investigated the status of study area and evaluated the main pollution sources from the perspective of the point source pollution and non-point source pollution. Through field survey and related statistics, the pollution load of every catchment area was calculated using statistical and coefficient estimation methods. The results showed that the COD load was 65,283 t and NH3-N load was 12,324 t in the area and the point source pollution only contributed to 14% and5%, respectively. The four major point pollution industries included metallurgical industry, petrochemical industry,light and food industry, and the garment and textile industry. The emissions of COD and ammonia nitrogen from these four industries accounted for 73% and 84% of the total point source pollution emission, respectively. Non-point source pollution in the study area was most serious and it was the main pollution source. The farmland runoff pollution was highest, in which COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus accounted for 67%, 64%, 77% and 82%,respectively. This paper provides the reference for solving the existing water pollution problem and water environment management for Haihe Basin in the north of Tianjin.

关 键 词：海河北系 点源污染 面源污染 天津 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]