热阴极的发展现状  

The Development of Thermionic Cathodes

作　　者：方荣[1] 陆玉新[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院电子学研究所,北京100190 [2]天津交通职业学院,天津300110

出　　处：《真空电子技术》2015年第1期12-19,29,共9页Vacuum Electronics

摘　　要：概述了热阴极发展的历史过程,热阴极从纯金属阴极开始,加入稀土氧化物材料在表面形成原子膜阴极之后,热阴极的发展又转化为两个方向:一是氧化物阴极的研究和制备,二是扩散式阴极的研究与制备,扩散式阴极又分为储备式阴极、浸渍型阴极以及钪系阴极。金属阴极、氧化物阴极和扩散式阴极在真空器件中均应用非常广泛。随着科技的发展,现代真空电子器件对阴极提出了更高的要求:即具备工作温度低,蒸散小,发射密度大且均匀,耐高压离子轰击,制备简单且价格低廉等优点。本文就此比较了各种阴极的优势和缺点,研究者可据此选用合适阴极。The article briefly describes the historical development of thermionic cathodes.Starting with pure metal cathodes,after adding rare earth oxide material into cathodes to form atomic film on thesurface,oxide cathodes and diffusion cathodesare invented.Diffusion cathodes are divided intodispenser cathodes,impregnated cathodes and scandate cathodes.Metal cathodes,oxide cathodes and diffusion cathodes are widely used in vacuum electron devices.With the development of science and technology,modern vacuum electron devices put forward higher requirements on the cathodes：namely low working temperature,low evapotranspiration,large and uniform emission current density,high voltage ion bombardment resistance,ease of fabrication and low cost,etc.In this paper,advantages and disadvantages of various cathodes are compared and researchers can choose appropriate cathodeaccordingly.

关 键 词：金属阴极 氧化物阴极 扩散式阴极 

分 类 号：O462[理学—电子物理学]