象无形舞以祀——“巫”考  

A Research of Witch:Dancing with Dressing up Some Gods and Ghosts for Sacrifice

作　　者：刘怀堂[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]苏州大学文学院,江苏苏州215000 [2]湖北工程学院文学与新闻传播学院,湖北孝感432000

出　　处：《湖北工程学院学报》2015年第2期60-66,共7页Journal of Hubei Engineering University

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地--中山大学中国非物质文化遗产研究中心重大研究项目(2009JJD850005)

摘　　要：学术界关于巫之本义的研究成果较多,其中影响较大的是许慎的解释——巫即祝。这一解释并未揭示出巫之本义。其实,巫之本义为"象无形",即妆扮神鬼,为祭祀神鬼仪式一个重要环节。其形式表现为一种巫祭仪式,即象无形舞以祀,以一种巫舞而祀呈现出来。故其有两大形态特征:一是象无形,这是其显著特征;二是象无形舞以祀,这是其本质特征。这是巫之原初形态与特征。在其同时或稍后,这种象无形舞以祀形态出现了分化,其中的一支巫舞从祭坛走向民间,成为专门娱人的民间舞蹈,不再具有祭祀性质。这样,巫在上古之时就分化为两条支流:祭祀之巫舞扮演与非祭祀之巫舞扮演。前者是中国戏剧史的暗流,而后者则为中国戏剧史的明河,两者在漫长的演变过程中,共同体现出一部较为完整的中国戏剧史。There have been many researches about the original meaning of witch in the academic field and one of the most influential one is made by Xu Shen.He suggests that witch is an invoker,which does not conform to the truth.In fact,the original meaning of witch is to dress up some gods and ghosts,which is an important link for sacrifice.It has two characteristics in form.One is to dress up some gods and ghosts for sacrifice,which is its explicit trait,anther is to dance with dressing up,which is its essential nature.At the same time or some time later,something different has occurred with two major tributaries,one of which walks down the altar to dance in folk with no longer sacrifice,anther still doses as it used to.In a word,witch has two development treads in the ancient times：it dances for sacrifice or does not.The former is an undercurrent,the latter is a river in the history of Chinese drama and the two have been evolved into the complete history of Chinese drama.

关 键 词：巫 象无形 象无形舞以祀 分化 

分 类 号：I207.309[文学—中国文学] J809[艺术—戏剧戏曲]