重载铁路货车用LZ45CrV车轴钢综合性能的试验研究  

Experimental Study on the Comprehensive Performance of LZ45CrV Axle Steel for Heavy Haul Freight Car

作　　者：吴毅[1,2] 刘鑫贵[2] 项彬[2] 许亚娟[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院研究生部,北京100081 [2]中国铁道科学研究院金属及化学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2015年第2期68-72,共5页China Railway Science

基　　金：铁道部科技研究开发计划项目(2011J005-B)

摘　　要：为提高重载铁路货车轴重,试验研究LZ45CrV车轴钢的综合性能。结果表明:通过适量添加Cr,Ni,Mo和V等微合金元素,可使LZ45CrV车轴钢的显微组织结构得到显著改善,比LZ50车轴钢的晶粒度级别要高出2级以上,微合金元素在钢中形成了从几十到一百纳米大小的碳、氮化物析出相;在不降低伸长率和断面收缩率的前提下,LZ45CrV车轴钢的强度指标比LZ50车轴钢提高了10%以上,并且其横向冲击功不低于40J、纵向冲击功不低于50J;与LZ50车轴钢相比,LZ45CrV车轴钢的相对腐蚀失重速率降低了20%以上,疲劳极限提高了15%以上;LZ45CrV车轴钢的各项性能指标满足试制技术条件,达到了30t轴重重载货车车轴的使用要求。In order to increase the axle load of heavy haul freight car,the comprehensive performance of LZ45 CrV axle steel was tested and researched.The results show that,by means of adding micro-alloying elements of Cr,Ni,Mo and V into axle steel,the microstructure of LZ45 CrV axle steel is obviously improved and the grain size is two levels or above higher than that of LZ50 axle steel.The micro-alloying elements have formed carbon and nitride precipitates from several tens to one hundred nanometer sized in steel.On the premise of not reducing elongation and the reduction of area,the strength index of LZ45 CrV axle steel is improved over 10% than that of LZ50 axle steel.The transverse and longitudinal impact energy is no less than 40 and 50Jrespectively.Compared with LZ50 axle steel,the relative corrosion weight loss rate of LZ45 CrV axle steel is over 20% lower.The fatigue limit is increased by over 15%.Each performance index of LZ45 CrV axle steel can meet the requirement of the technical conditions for trial production as well as the operation requirements for the axles of heavy haul freight cars with 30 taxle load.

关 键 词：重载货车 车轴钢 化学成分 微合金化 性能指标 

分 类 号：U270.331.1[机械工程—车辆工程]