沉积岩型层状铜矿床研究进展  

Research Progresses on Sediment-hosted Stratiform Copper Deposit

作　　者：刘玄[1,2] 范宏瑞[1,2] 胡芳芳[1,2] 杨奎锋[1,2] 邱正杰 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京100029 [2]中国科学院矿产资源研究重点实验室,北京100029 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《地质论评》2015年第1期45-63,共19页Geological Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(批准号41402083);国家重点基础研究发展计划"973"项目(编号2012CB416605)的成果

摘　　要：沉积岩型层状铜矿床是全球第二重要的铜矿类型,重要性仅次于斑岩型铜矿床。并且,它们常伴生一定规模的钴、银、铅、锌、铀、金、铂族元素等其他金属资源。其矿体通常呈层状、似层状发育在沉积盆地的还原性岩石或地层中。大多数沉积岩型层状铜矿床形成于围岩的成岩作用或者成岩晚阶段,但也经常会受到成矿后变质作用、变形作用的改造,发生成矿物质的活化一再沉淀。原生成矿作用的发生通常要经历成矿流体(低温、中—高盐度、含硫)在矿体下盘的红层中持续、长期的循环,萃取铜等金属元素,随后沿着盆地边界断裂迁移至盆地还原性地层中或者被迁移的还原性物质(石油、天然气)还原而发生铜等成矿物质的沉淀。超大规模的层状铜矿化可能对应地球地质历史时期特殊的地质事件和地质条件,其中包括超大陆裂解、炎热干旱的古气候、大氧化事件以及冰期和富镁的海洋等。Sediment-hosted Stratiform Copper Deposits （SSC） are one of the most important copper suppliers around the world and are also significant sources for Co, Ag, Pb, Zn, U, Ag and PGE. They normally occur as sulfide disseminates in restricted layers within a sedimentary sequence but do not necessarily follow sedimentary bedding. Most SSCs are formed during or at the late stage of host rock lithification （diagenesis） by low temperature, intermediate to high salinity and sulfur-rich basinal fluids which circulated in the footwall red bed sequences so as to acquire ore-forming elements such as Cu and S. Metal （copper） precipitation induced by chemical reduction of the upward-migrating basinal fluids by in-situ reductant in the is primarily hanging wall sediments or mobile hydrocarbon within the red beds. Some of them may have been altered and remobilized during regional deformation or metamorphism later on. Supergiant sediment-hosted copper mineralization may have been facilitated by global events such as supercontinent breakup, hot and arid paleoclimate, Great Oxidation Event, glacial events and magnesium-rich ocean waters.

关 键 词：沉积岩型层状铜矿床 砂岩型铜矿床 页岩型铜矿床 红层 超大陆裂解 古气候 大氧化事件 冰期 古海洋 

分 类 号：P618.41[天文地球—矿床学]