历次核试验进入海洋的^(137)Cs对中国近海影响的模拟研究  

Simulation of the influence of ^(137)Cs from nuclear experiments on China seas

作　　者：赵昌[1,2] 乔方利[2] 王关锁[2] 舒启[2] 夏长水[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋环境学院,山东青岛266100 [2]国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,山东青岛266061

出　　处：《海洋学报》2015年第3期15-24,共10页

基　　金：海洋公益性行业科研专项(201105019);中韩海洋核安全监测及预测系统研究项目

摘　　要：1945年以来,世界各主要核国家进行了数千次核试验,这些核试验产生的绝大部分放射性物质通过多种途径进入海洋,对海洋环境造成放射性污染。本文建立了一个准全球海洋的放射性物质输运和扩散数值模式,通过数值模拟手段评估了历史核试验释放的放射性物质137 Cs对中国近海海洋环境的影响。本文借助前人工作评估了核试验释放137Cs进入海洋的途径和总量;通过比较模拟结果与观测资料,表明本文建立的放射性物质模式能够较好地模拟出137Cs在中国近海及其邻近海域的分布情况和随时间演变特征;模拟结果表明中国近海里的137Cs浓度在20世纪50年代中期达到最大,其中吕宋海峡海域137Cs浓度最高,达80.99Bq/m3;进一步分析了2011年3月份日本福岛核事故前中国近海137Cs浓度分布状况,2011年整个中国近海137Cs浓度介于1.0~1.6Bq/m3间,且其浓度垂向分布较均匀,相对封闭的南海浓度略高于其他海域。Since 1945,thousands of nuclear experiments have been carried outin many countries.Those experiments,performed either in atmosphere or under seawater,have posed a significant distribution to the radionuclide contamination on the world oceans.The distribution and evolution process of radioactive materials in the ocean have to be studied based on the long-term pollution characters,which requires a marine radionuclides model to be established.Thus in this paper,we have established a quasi-global marine radionuclides model to study the transport,distribution and evolution of the 137Cs in the China seas,resulting from the nuclear experiments since 1945.The 137Cs is introduced into seawaters not only from the sub-water experiments but also from the global fallout due to atmospheric nuclear experiments.The simulated vertical and horizontal distribution of the 137Cs agrees well with the observation.The decaying process of the 137Cs is also presented in the simulation.The 137Cs from nuclear experiments entered in China seas since the 1940 s.In the early 1960 s,the concentration of 137Cs in China seas reached its maximum and then reduced gradually due to the decay of the 137Cs and the dilution from sea waters.By 2011,the concentration of 137Cs in China seas is less than 2Bq/m3 and the concentration of 137Cs is higher in the South China Sea than in the other seas.

关 键 词：核试验 放射性物质模式 137Cs 中国近海 

分 类 号：X591[环境科学与工程—环境工程]