野生烟草花粉活力与柱头可授性及繁育特性研究  

Wild Tobacco Pollen Viability,Stigma Receptivity and Reproductive Characteristics

作　　者：姚志敏[1] 刘艳华[1] 戴培刚[1] 向德虎[1] 张兴伟[1] 赵韬智 王志德[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院烟草研究所/烟草遗传改良与生物技术重点开放实验室,山东青岛266001

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2015年第3期614-621,共8页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家烟草专卖局专项(国烟办综[2005]501号);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610032011011);农业部财政专项烟草种质资源收集编目繁种与保存分发利用(2014NWB036;1610032011011)

摘　　要：采用TTC法测定2个野生烟草材料（花烟草、哥西氏烟草）和1个栽培品种（K326）的花粉活力及其日变化情况,通过联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定3个烟草材料的柱头可授性、利用直接授粉法测定不同开花天数柱头可授性变化,并通过估算花粉胚珠比（P/O）、杂交指数（OCI）及授粉试验分析3个烟草材料的繁育特性。结果表明：（1）哥西氏烟草的花粉活性（74.9%）显著高于K326（52.2%）和花烟草（45.3%）,且K326与花烟草间差异不显著;3个烟草材料花粉活力日变化均呈双峰曲线,峰值分别在13：00与15：00左右,且3个烟草材料的花粉活力日最低值与气温日最高值同时出现在14：00。（2）K326柱头可授性显著高于花烟草和哥西氏烟草,且2个野生烟草间可授性无显著差异;不同烟草的最佳授粉时期不同,哥西氏烟草自开花前1d至花后4d,一直保持较高的柱头可授性;花烟草的最佳授粉时期为花后2~3d;K326的柱头在开花前1d至开花后1d授粉最佳。（3）K326以自交为主,存在异交现象;哥西氏烟草繁育类型为兼性异交,自交亲和;花烟草繁育以异交为主,自交亲和性差。研究认为,野生烟草柱头可授性显著低于栽培品种从而影响其结实性,花烟草结实率低主要是由自交不亲和性造成的,而缺乏有效的传粉机制是造成哥西氏烟草结实性差的主要原因。The pollen viability and the daily changes of 2wild tobacco resources（Nicotiana alata,N.gossei）and 1cultivar（K326）were measured by TTC method.The receptivity of stigma was measured by benzidine-hydrogen peroxide method,and the stigma receptivity changes of different flowering days were measured by pollination test.The reproductive characteristics of 3tobacco resources were analyzed by estimating pollen ovule ratio（P/O）,hybrid breeding index（OCI）and pollination test.The results showed that：（1）The pollen viability of N.gossei（74.9%）was significantly higher than that of K326（52.2%）and N.alata（45.3%）,but there was no significant difference between K326 and N.alata.The daily changes of pollen viability of 3tobacco resources showed bimodal curves,the peaks at 13：00and 15：00,respectively.Both the lowest daily pollen viability of 3tobacco resources and the highest daily temperature appeared at 14：00.（2）The stigma receptivity of K326 was significantly higher than that of N.alata＇s and N.gossei＇s,but there was no significant difference between the 2wild resources.The optimal pollination periods of different resources were different.Stigma receptivity of N.gossei might maintain highly from before 1day to after 4days of flowering day.The optimal pollination period of N.alata was 2-3days after flowering day,while the optimal pollination period of K326 was from before 1day to after 1day of flowering day.（3）The reproductive type of K326 was self-compatible,with some outcrossing phenomena.N.alata and N.gossei were mainly outcrossing.But N.gossei was self-compatible,and the self-compatibility of N.alata was poor.The results indicated that the stigma receptivity of wild resources significantly influenced their fecundity.Low seed-set rate of N.alata was mainly due to self-incompatibility,otherwise the lack of effective pollination was the main reason causing low seed-set rate of N.gossei.

关 键 词：烟草 花粉活力 柱头可授性 结实率 繁育特性 

分 类 号：Q944.42[生物学—植物学]