利用三维高斯射线束成像进行地震定位  

Source location using 3-D Gaussian beam migration imaging

作　　者：曹雷[1,2] 张金海[1] 姚振兴[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京100029 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《地球物理学报》2015年第2期481-494,共14页Chinese Journal of Geophysics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(41230317);国家自然科学基金(41074092)联合资助

摘　　要：常规的地震定位方法通常需要拾取地震记录的初至,当初至不明显或被较高水平的噪声淹没时精度较低.本文采用基于三维高斯射线束的偏移成像方法对震源进行定位,较好地解决了该问题.通过三维高斯射线束对台站记录进行偏移归位,并将各台站成像结果的交点作为地震能量释放的中心位置;当各台站成像结果不能交于一点时,采用三维空间高斯滤波方法可实现震源位置的自动获取.提出的变网格计算方案极大地减少了计算量,显著地提高了成像精度和计算效率.利用首都圈地震台网数据,对涿鹿、滦县以及房山三个地震事件进行试算,结果表明:基于变网格三维高斯束偏移成像的地震定位方法自动化程度很高,而且具有较好的抗噪能力,特别适合处理低信噪比资料的地震定位问题.Traditional earthquake location methods usually need to pick first arrivals of signals,which have a low precision when these arrivals are unremarkable or submerged by strong noise.In this paper,we employ the 3-D varying-grid Gaussian beam migration imaging method to determine seismic source locations.We apply this method to deal with the synthetic seismograms and real seismic events in the Capital Circle region around Beijing to verify the validity of this method. We migrate every record of the station backward and take the position where all the imaging results merge relatively as the source location that releases the dominant energy.We propose to use the numerical scheme of varying grid.Firstly we utilize the method of global search to obtain the quick result of the epicenter in the coarse grid condition,and then we determine the final source location just by the local search within the epicenter area with a fine grid.We also employ a 3-D spatial Gaussian filter to obtain the source location and suppress the background noise automatically when the imaging results are scattered or unfocused,getting rid of searching for the major spatial energy points in the conventional least square method. The results based on the synthetic data show that the method combining the varying-grid 3-D Gaussian beam and spatial Gaussian filter can not only ensure the high efficiency with less steps of ray tracing but also can be more adaptable to the low signal-to-noise ratio data and scattered or unfocused imaging energy.Besides,we also test the proposed method on the data of Zhuolu,Luanxian and Fangshan earthquakes in the Capital Circle region around Beijing,which can further confirm the efficiency and accuracy of the method. The earthquake location method based on 3-D varying-grid Gaussian beam migration imaging just needs the rough picking of first arrivals,which is more robust to the pickup error than conventional methods. The method implements the unification of imaging accuracy and computational efficiency,and is highly aut

关 键 词：三维模型 变网格高斯射线束 地震定位 空间高斯滤波 首都圈地震台网 

分 类 号：P315[天文地球—地震学]