强风沙流吹袭对樟子松幼苗生长特性及其逆境生理特征的影响  

Effects of strong wind-drift blowing on the growth and physiological properties of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica seedlings

作　　者：赵哈林[1] 李瑾[1] 周瑞莲[2] 云建英[1] 曲浩[1] 潘成臣[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,兰州730000 [2]鲁东大学生命科学学院,山东烟台264025

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2015年第4期901-906,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31270752和30972422)资助

摘　　要：为了解樟子松幼苗对强风沙流不同时间吹袭的生理生态响应,2013年春季在内蒙古科尔沁沙地研究了8级大风下强风沙流(风速18 m·s-1,风沙流强度173 g·cm-1·min-1)吹袭10、20和30 min樟子松幼苗生长特性和一些生理指标的变化。结果表明:随着风吹时间增加,其株高生长速率下降,茎粗和冠幅生长加快,叶色发黄脱落量增加;与非风吹对照(CK)相比,30 min风吹处理的株高增长量下降52.6%,茎粗增长量、冠幅增长量和叶色发黄脱落量分别增加251.9%、256.0%和466.7%;随风吹时间增加,叶片相对含水量(RWC)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性下降,丙二醛(MDA)含量、膜透性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量趋于增加;与CK相比,30 min风吹处理的RWC下降4.1%,MDA和膜透性分别增加10.3%和9.3%,SOD活性下降1.9%,POD活性、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量分别增加55.5%、26.4%和50.0%。结果说明,强风沙流持续吹袭造成樟子松幼苗水分胁迫,使其高生长受抑,部分叶片发黄脱落,叶片膜脂过氧化加剧,细胞膜受损,为适应强风沙流吹袭,樟子松幼苗加快了茎粗和冠幅生长,通过增加POD活性和可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量以减轻细胞膜伤害,维持细胞正常膨压。In order to understand physiological and ecological responses of Pinus sylvestris vat. mongolica seedlings to strong wind-drift blowing, a wind-drift blowing experiment with a 18 m · s^-1 wind speed and three wind blowing times （ 10, 20 and 30 min） was conducted in spring, 2013 in Horqin Sand Land of Inner Mongolia. The results showed that with the increase of winddrift blowing time, the growth rate of plant height decreased, while that of stem diameter and crown width and the number of etiolated and fallen leaves increased. The height growth decreased by 52.6%, stem diameter growth, crown width growth and the number of etiolated leaves increased by 251.9%, 256.0% and 466.7%, respectively, in the 30 rain treatment compared to the CK. With the increase of wind blowing time, relative water content （RWC） and superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity decreased, and malondialdehyde （MDA） contents, membrane permeability, peroxidase （POD） activity, soluble sugar and proline contents tended to increase. The RWC and SOD activities decreased by 4.1% and 1.9%, and MDA, membrane permeability, POD activity, soluble sugar and proline increased by 10.3%, 9.3%, 55.5%, 26.4% and 50. 0%, respectively, in the 30 min treatment compared to the CK. The results suggested that strong wind-drift blowing could result in water stress, inhibition of height growth, etiolated and fallen leaves, increase of membrane lipid peroxidation and cell membrane damage. In order to adapt to the strong wind-drift blowing, the seedlings speeded up the growth of the stem diameter and crown width, and increased POD activity and soluble sugar and proline contents to reduce the damage of cell membrane and maintain normal cell turgor.

关 键 词：风沙流 生长特性 膜透性 保护酶 渗透调节物质 

分 类 号：S791.253[农业科学—林木遗传育种]