采收方式对云南红豆杉药用原料林枝构件种群特性的影响  

Effect of harvesting methods on branch modular population characteristics of the planted pharmaceutical raw material forest of Taxus yunnanensis

作　　者：卞方圆[1] 苏磊[2] 苏建荣[1] 刘万德[1] 李帅锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所,昆明650224 [2]中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室,北京100093

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2015年第4期925-932,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家林业局948项目(2011-4-03);云南省科技计划项目(2011CI072);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD22B0103)资助

摘　　要：以云南省马关县6年生云南红豆杉药用原料林为研究对象,比较采收主干及其上部枝条、保留主干采收其上部枝条、保留主干采收其下部枝条3种采收方式3个采收强度(1/4、2/4、3/4树冠长度)下枝条收获量,分析不同的枝条采收方式与强度对云南红豆杉枝构件种群生长的影响。结果表明:采收强度的增大促进了枝构件种群的生长,3/4树冠长度的枝条采收强度使老枝萌新枝比例、新枝数量、新枝长度与体积均显著或极显著高于对照;从当年生的新枝长度和新枝体积大小来看,采收树冠上部枝条对枝构件种群的促进作用远大于采收下部枝条;采收主干更有利于去除顶端优势,且在植株剩余的树冠上生长出更多的萌枝。为获取尽可能多的枝条,同时保证药用原料林的长期可持续利用,建议将采收主干及上部3/4树冠长度的枝条采收处理作为最佳枝条采收方案。An experiment was carried out to explore the effect of different harvest methods and harvest intensities on the branch modular population characteristics of six-year old Taxus yunnanensis plantations, in Maguan County in Yunnan Province. There were three treatments （ i. e., harvesting trunks and their top branches, keeping the trunks but harvesting the top branches, and keeping the trunks but harvesting the bottom branches） and three levels （i.e., harvesting the 1/ 4 of the crown length, harvesting 2/4 of the crown length, and harvesting 3/4 of the crown length）. The results showed that the branch growth increased with the increasing harvest intensity. The proportion of sprouting new shoots from old branches, the number of new shoots, shoot length and volume after harvesting 3/4 of crown length were significantly higher than those of the control. In addition, the new branch length and volume after harvesting the top crown branches were higher than those after harvesting the bottom crown branches. More branches, therefore, can grow out after harvesting the top crown branches and trunk because of removing the apical dominance. Our results indicated that harvesting the 3/4 of crown length and trunk was the optimal harvest option, which could make more branches to be harvested and keep the sustainable use of the Taxus yunnanensis forest.

关 键 词：云南红豆杉 药用原料林 采收 枝构件 

分 类 号：S567.19[农业科学—中草药栽培]