干旱区绿洲膜下滴灌棉田蒸散过程  

Evapotranspiration process of cotton field under mulched drip irrigation of oasis in aridregion

作　　者：马金龙[1] 刘丽娟[1] 李小玉[1] 王进 杨会巾 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]乌兰乌苏农业气象试验站,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2015年第4期974-981,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重大科学研究计划项目(2014CB954204-3);国家自然科学基金项目(41271202;31470708和41101179);新疆引进高层次人才项目(Y344161)资助

摘　　要：水资源是干旱区农业发展最关键的限制因素。近年来,随着节水灌溉技术的发展,对缓解水资源供需矛盾、扩大灌溉面积起到了重要作用。理解非充分灌溉条件下的农田蒸散发过程,对于揭示农田水分循环和指导节水实践均具有重要的科学意义。本研究基于乌兰乌苏农业气象站2012年的涡度相关数据,分析了膜下滴灌棉田不同生育阶段的蒸散过程,通过FAO-56 Penman-Monteith方程估算参考作物蒸散量,在此基础上确定了干旱区绿洲膜下滴灌棉田的作物系数。结果表明:膜下滴灌棉田阶段蒸散耗水量和日蒸散强度在花铃期最大,阶段蒸散耗水量为248.51 mm,平均日蒸散强度为3.94 mm·d-1;蕾期次之,阶段蒸散耗水量为98.34 mm,平均日蒸散强度为3.78 mm·d-1;播种-出苗期最小,阶段蒸散耗水量为10.70 mm,平均日蒸散强度为1.07 mm·d-1;全生育期蒸散量为487.14 mm,平均作物系数为0.42;通过棉花不同生育阶段蒸散量和作物系数的确定,为棉花生育阶段不同灌溉时期和灌溉量的确定以及田间水分管理提供科学依据。Water resources are a major constraint on agricultural development in arid areas. In recent years, with the development of water-saving irrigation technology, the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources was alleviated and the irrigation area was expanded. Understanding the evapotranspiration process of cropland under non-fufl irrigating has great scientific significance to reveal the water cycle process and guide water-saving practices. In this paper, based on eddy covariance data in 2012 from Wulanwusu Agro-meteorological Experiment Station, the evapotranspiration process of cotton filed in the different growth stages under mulched drip irrigation in Manas River basin of Xinjiang were analyzed. Furthermore, the crop coefficients of cotton under mulched drip irrigation were calculated based on the estimated evapotranspiration of reference crop by FAO-56 Penman-Monteith equation. The results showed that evapotranspiration and its rate of cotton field under mulched drip irrigation in oasis peaked in the flowering stage, with the phasic evapotranspiration of 248.51 mm and average daily evapotranspiration rate of 3.94 mm· d^-1. Followed by the values in the budding stage, the phasic evapotranspiration was 98.34 mm, and the average daily evapotranspiration rate was 3.18mm· d^-1.. The minimum values occurred in the sowing and seeding stages, the phasic evapotranspiration was 10.70 mm, and the average daily evapotranspiration rate was 1.07mm· d^-1.. In summary, the amount of evapotranspiration was 487.14 mm during the whole growing period, and the average crop coefficient was 0.42. The results of evapotranspiration and crop coefficients of cotton at different stages provide a scientific basis not only for rating and timing of irrigation of cotton at different growth stages but also for field water management.

关 键 词：膜下滴灌 蒸散发 涡度相关 作物系数 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]