画眉冬夏两季能量收支和消化道形态特征比较  

Comparison of energy budget and digestive tract morphology in Hwamei Garrulax canorus between winter and summer

作　　者：吴梦斯 赵丽丹[1] 王润梅[1] 郑蔚虹[1] 柳劲松[1] 

机构地区：[1]温州大学生命与环境科学学院,浙江温州325035

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2015年第4期1031-1037,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31070366和31470472);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LY13C030005);国家级大学生创新创业和浙江省新苗人才计划项目(2014R424032)资助

摘　　要：体重、能量收支和消化道形态特征的季节性调整对鸟类的能量需求或能量利用非常重要。本文以分布于浙江的画眉(Garrulax canorus)为研究对象,分别在冬季(2014年1月)和夏季(2013年7月)测定了画眉的体重、能量收支及消化道形态特征的变化,从整体水平上揭示画眉能量收支和消化道形态在冬夏两季的变化及其适应策略。野外捕获的画眉在实验室适应1 d后用于实验。能量收支采用代谢笼测定,消化道重量采用烘干至恒重测定。结果表明:除体重没有出现明显的季节性变化外,画眉冬季的摄入能(P<0.05)及同化能(P<0.05)显著高于夏季;胃、小肠、直肠及总消化道的湿重及干重冬季明显高于夏季;相关分析表明,画眉的总消化道、胃和小肠的湿重及干重与摄入能和同化能具有明显的正相关。这些结果表明,在自然条件下,画眉通过增加能量摄入和消化道重量来应对冬季的高能量需求。Seasonal changes in the energy requirements of birds affect their ability to obtain and digest food. Increased food intake, hypertrophy of the gastrointestinal tract and the consequent in- creased absorption of nutrients may be viewed as responses by wintering birds to physical and biotic seasonal habitats. In the present study, seasonal changes in body mass, gross energy intake （GEI）, fecal energy （ FE）, digestible energy intake （ DEI）, as well as length and mass of the digestive tract, were measured in Hwamei （Garrulax canorus ） caught in the wild in Wenzhou, Zhejiang. Fourteen Hwamei birds were captured in mist nets in July of 2013 and January of 2014. Body mass was determined immediately upon capture with an electronic balance. The caloric contents of the dried food and feces were then determined using an oxygen bomb calorimeter. GEI, FE, DEI and digestibility were calculated. The digestive tract （stomach, small intestine and rec- tum） of each bird was measured and weighed. The stomach, small intestine and rectum were rinsed with saline to remove all gut contents and reweighed. These organs were then dried at 60 ℃ to a constant mass. As predicted, GEI and DEI were significantly higher in winter than in summer. The wet and dry masses of the total digestive tract, stomach and small intestine were greater in winter than in summer, and the magnitude of these parameters in both seasons was positively correlated with GEI and DEI. It is suggested that Hwamei is able to increase GEI and DEI to compensate for the higher daily energy expenditure in winter. Hwamei shows physiological adjustment in digestive tract size in winter to cope with significant increases in energy intake.

关 键 词：画眉 能量收支 消化道形态 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]