松材线虫对马尾松林土壤微生物生物量及酶活性的影响  

Soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities in Pinus massoniana forest infected by pine wood nematode

作　　者：施翠娥[1,2] 高扬[2] 王玉龙[2] 徐小牛[3] 黄勃[2] 

机构地区：[1]淮南师范学院生命科学系,安徽淮南232001 [2]安徽农业大学微生物防治安徽省重点实验室,合肥230036 [3]安徽农业大学林学与园林学院,合肥230036

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2015年第4期1046-1051,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31070588);国家公益性行业(林业)科研专项(201204506);污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室研究项目(PCRRF12014);院级重点项目(2014xk21zd)资助

摘　　要：以感染松材线虫病的马尾松林土壤作为研究对象,探索不同程度松材线虫病感染对马尾松林土壤理化性质、微生物生物量和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:随松材线虫病危害程度的加重,总碳、总磷、总钾、可溶性有机碳、铵态氮、硝态氮、有效磷和含水量呈现升高趋势,而p H、Ca、Mg、可溶性有机氮、微生物生物量碳(MBC)和微生物生物量氮(MBN)显著降低;同时,蔗糖酶、脲酶、纤维素酶和多酚氧化酶酶活性随着感染程度的加重而趋于下降,而酸性磷酸酶和蛋白酶活性则显著升高。结果表明:土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、纤维素酶和多酚氧化酶4种酶活性与含水量、铵态氮、硝态氮、可溶性有机碳、总磷、总钾、有效磷、总碳等理化指标呈显著负相关,而与可溶性有机氮、p H、Mg、Ca含量呈显著正相关;酸性磷酸酶和蛋白酶酶活性与含水量、铵态氮、硝态氮、可溶性有机碳、总钾呈显著正相关,而与可溶性有机氮、p H、Mg和Ca呈显著负相关;另外,MBC和MBN与酸性磷酸酶或蛋白酶呈显著负相关,而MBC和MBN与蔗糖酶、纤维素酶或多酚氧化酶呈显著正相关;因此,松材线虫的侵染改变了松林土壤的理化性质,引起土壤微生物群落结构、生物量和土壤酶活性的变化,这些指标可用于指示和评价松材线虫侵染对土壤质量的影响。Bursaphelenchus xylophilus-infected Pinus massoniana forest soils were employed to investigate the effects of different infection rates of P. massoniana by pine wood nematode on soil physicochemical properties, microbial biomass and enzyme activities. The results showed that the contents of total carbon （ TC）, total phosphorus （ TP）, total potassium （ TK）, dissolved organic carbon （DOC）, ammonium nitrogen （AN）, nitrate nitrogen （NN） and available phosphorus （ AP）, and soil water content （SWC） increased with the aggravation of B. xylophilus infection in the forest soils. However, pH values, the contents of calcium （ Ca）, magnesium （Mg） and dissolved organic nitrogen （ DON）, microbial biomass carbon （MBC） or microbial biomass nitrogen （MBN） significantly decreased. Meanwhile, soil sucrase （SA）, urease （UA）, cellulose （CEA）, and phenol oxidase （POA） activities tended to decline, whereas soil acid phosphatase （APA） and protease （PRA） activities were significantly elevated with the deterioration of B. xylophilus infection in the soils. In addition, the UA, SA, CEA and POA activities were negatively correlated with the soil physicochemical indicator of SWC, AN, NN, DOC, TP, TK, AP or TC, but were positively correlated with the soil pH, DON, Mg or Ca content, respectively. The APA and PRA activities were positively correlated with the indicator of SWC, AN, NN, DOC or TK, but negatively with the DON, pH, Mg or Ca content, respectively. The MBC and MBN were negatively correlated with the APA or PRA activity, but positively with the SA, CEA or POA activity, respectively. It was suggested that the B. xylophilus infection caused the changes of soil physicochemical properties as well as soil microbial community, microbial biomass and enzyme activities, which may be used to assess the soil quality in B. xylophilus-infected P. massoniana forest soils.

关 键 词：松材线虫病 马尾松林 土壤理化性质 土壤微生物生物量 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S714.3[农业科学—林学]