海南三亚后海海域珊瑚礁生态系统的健康状况及其影响因素  

Health status and influencing factors of coral reef ecosystems in Houhai waters,Sanya,Hainan Province

作　　者：李元超 杨毅 郑新庆[2] 陈石泉 

机构地区：[1]海南省海洋与渔业科学院,海口570100 [2]国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2015年第4期1105-1112,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2009BAB44B03);国家海洋局公益项目(201105012);国家海洋局公益项目(2010418012)资助

摘　　要：分别采用鹞式调查法和断面监测法调查了海南三亚后海海域珊瑚的物种多样性、覆盖率、病害和补充量等指标,利用健康指数（CI）评估了后海珊瑚礁生态系统的健康状况,并初步分析了影响该区域珊瑚礁健康状况的主要因素。调查发现：后海海域造礁石珊瑚54种,覆盖率达到50%以上,珊瑚病害及死亡率低,珊瑚补充量高达4.5个·m^-2,CI值介于1.87-2.27,表明后海海域的珊瑚礁生态系统非常健康。分析认为：后海海域浅水区域存在的海草床和大型藻类,以及珊瑚礁区高密度的植食性动物和夏季上升流的存在是该区域珊瑚礁生态系统健康的主要原因。海草和海藻将陆源污染物过滤吸收,确保进入珊瑚礁生态系统的水质良好;数量众多的植食性动物（如魔鬼海胆Diadema setosum等）调控了大型藻类和珊瑚之间的竞争关系,保证大型海藻不会威胁到珊瑚的健康生长;而后海海域夏季上升流的出现使得该海域珊瑚礁生态系统不会受到高温的影响,不会产生热白化现象。这样,多个因素的共同作用保证了后海珊瑚礁生态系统的健康。Several parameters including species biodiversity,coverage,diseases,and recruitment of corals were investigated in Houhai waters,Sanya,Hainan,by the manta tow and line intercept transect methods to assess the health status of coral reef ecosystems,and the main factors affecting the health status of coral reef ecosystems were analyzed. The results showed that there were 54 species of scleractinia corals in Houhai waters and the mean coverage of corals reached more than 50%. Few coral diseases and low mortality were observed. The recruitment of corals was very high,up to 4.5 ind·m-2. The condition index of coral reef ecosystems ranged from 1.75 to 2.27,indicating that the coral reef ecosystems in Houhai waters were in a healthy status. Analysis showed that seagrass bed and seaweed in the shallow area,abundant grazers and the upwelling in summer should be mainly responsible for the healthy status of coral reef ecosystems.Massive seagrass and seaweed distributed in shallow water can absorb the land-sourced nutrients and stop the eutrophic water directly into coral reefs in Houhai waters. Abundant grazers such as Diadema setosum mediate the competitive interaction between reef-building corals and seaweeds,preventing the seaweed from threatening the growth of corals and preempting the space for coral settlements. The existence of the upwelling in summer maintains the suitable water temperature in Houhai water in summer,avoiding the coral bleaching. Accordingly,the interactions of multiple factors ensure the health of the coral reef ecosystem in Houhai waters.

关 键 词：海洋生物 后海 珊瑚 海草 大型藻类 植食性动物 上升流 

分 类 号：Q148[生物学—生态学]