中国典型特大城市交通的生态足迹评价  

Assessment on traffic ecological footprint of typical megalopolises in China

作　　者：王中航[1] 周传斌[1] 王如松[1] 林雅逢[2] 孙晓[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [2]浙江大学环境与资源学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2015年第4期1129-1135,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(71033005)资助

摘　　要：中国城市化快速发展带来机动车数量的骤增、交通拥堵、交通污染物排放及能源消耗恶化等城市生态问题,生态足迹可以作为衡量城市交通发展带来生态环境压力的有效指标。本文以北京、上海、天津、杭州、沈阳和成都6个特大城市为研究对象,计算了2005—2012年6个城市的交通生态足迹。结果表明:6个城市交通的生态足迹均有所增加,城市交通的生态环境压力逐年增加,化石能源间接生态足迹在城市交通生态足迹增长中起到主要作用;快速增长的机动车和小汽车及其高出行率导致能源消耗不断增加,是城市交通生态足迹增长的主要原因;完善的轨道交通及慢行交通等绿色出行的发展,可以有效降低特大城市自驾出行的次数,优化交通出行结构,缓解城市交通生态环境压力。The rapid urbanization in China has caused a series of urban ecological problems,including surge in the number of motor vehicles,traffic congestion,worsening of traffic pollutant emissions and energy consumption. Ecological footprint can be used as an effective indicator to measure the pressure of ecological environment brought by the development of urban transports. In this article,six megacities including Beijing,Shanghai,Tianjin,Hangzhou,Shenyang and Chengdu were chosen as the study objects,and the ecological footprints of urban transports in the six megacities were calculated from 2005 to 2012. The results showed that ecological footprints of urban transports in the six megacities were all increasing,and the pressure of urban transportation on ecological environment was also increasing every year. The indirect ecological footprint of fossil energy played a major role in the growing ecological footprint of urban traffic. The rapid growth of motor vehicles and cars and their high using times led to the continuous increase of energy consumption,which was the main reason for the growth of urban traffic ecological footprint. Improved development of green travel on rail transportation and slow traffic can effectively reduce the number of self-driving travels in megacities,optimize the traffic travel structure,and ease the eco-environment pressure of urban traffic.

关 键 词：城市交通 生态足迹 特大城市 评价 

分 类 号：X82[环境科学与工程—环境工程]