Figs, Wasps, Carrots and Sticks? A New Theoretical Approach to Understanding the Origin and Nature of Mutualisms and Symbiotic Relationships  

作　　者：Andrew Willden 

机构地区：[1]the Kunming Institute of Zoology

出　　处：《Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences》2015年第1期50-51,共2页中国科学院院刊（英文版）

摘　　要：Mutualisms—relationships where by two organisms live in tandem with one another,each providing a service to the other—are among the most interesting and complex relationships in nature.These kinds of relationships are generally considered cooperative interactions,whereby each of the organisms incurs substantial cost in trading services with its partner in order for each of them to gain some benefit and increase their chances of survival and evolutionary fitness.Mutualisms—relationships where by two organisms live in tandem with one another,each providing a service to the other—are among the most interesting and complex relationships in nature.These kinds of relationships are generally considered cooperative interactions,whereby each of the organisms incurs substantial cost in trading services with its partner in order for each of them to gain some benefit and increase their chances of survival and evolutionary fitness.

关 键 词：共生关系 无花果 胡萝卜 黄蜂 起源 合作伙伴 交易成本 生物体 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]