解读“博科圣地”:宗教研究的视角  

Understanding Boko Haram:From the Perspective of Religious Studies

作　　者：李维建[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界宗教研究所伊斯兰教研究室

出　　处：《西亚非洲》2015年第2期112-127,共16页West Asia and Africa

摘　　要："博科圣地"的产生是尼日利亚国内和国际多种因素共同作用的结果,是对宗教、政治、经济等复杂形势的极端表达方式。这种表达具有必然性,因为在尼日利亚北部这一伊斯兰教意识形态浓厚的地区,社会下层除了伊斯兰教的资源可资利用之外,未找到其他意识形态、政治和文化资源。日益崛起的萨拉菲主义使外来的文化和思想、制度和政治很难在当地落地生根。而外来的宗教极端思想迎合了国内下层民众抗争的需要,使"博科圣地"同时兼具宗教极端主义、恐怖主义和社会抗争的性质,恐怖主义和社会抗争也由此被涂上了浓厚的宗教色彩。"博科圣地"不仅给他人制造了悲剧,它所坚持的恐怖主义同时也玷污了其所珍视的伊斯兰教。从这个意义上说,"博科圣地"本身也是一个悲剧。以"博科圣地"为代表的下层民众在争取权益、进行社会抗争时,却选择了宗教极端主义的指导思想,走错了方向。Boko Haram is the interactive effect of domestic and international factors in Nigeria. It is Boko Haram that manifests these complicated situations of religions, politics and economy through religious fundamentalism and terrorism. This manifestation is necessary just because, under the strong Islamic ideological social environment in Northern Nigeria, the poor social class can not find other ideological motive resources to demonstrate their plight and indignation. The strengthening Salafism prevents all the foreign cultures and political systems from entering into and localizing in the area. Foreign religious extremism caters to the need of social protest of lower class, which made Boko Haram itself bear more than religious extremism nature, terrorism and social protest should be included. But all those natures were expressed in the name of Islam. This essay concludes that Boko Haram harms others, at the same time it also damages itself, including its cherished Islam; It fights for lower social class but is misled by the wrong ideology and walks to the wrong direction. Even a more thought -provoking reality is that Boko Haram chooses Islamic extremism just because it has nothing better to choose .

关 键 词：伊斯兰极端主义 尼日利亚 “博科圣地” 

分 类 号：B968[哲学宗教—宗教学]