寒地水稻钵育移栽技术研究  

Study on Cup Seedling and Mechanical Transplanting Technology of Rice in Cold Region

作　　者：胡珊珊[1] 王红叶[1] 余伟烽 申建宁 苗宇新[1] 宋建农[2] 徐祥龙 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083 [3]黑龙江农垦建三江管理局农机局,黑龙江佳木斯156100

出　　处：《北方水稻》2015年第2期3-6,共4页North Rice

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2014JD066);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203059-5;201103003);国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD04B01-06-03)经费资助

摘　　要：针对目前寒地水稻生产中存在的秧苗素质差、移栽植伤重、返青时间长、低位分蘖成活率低等问题,本文主要目的是系统评价不同钵育苗机械移栽技术在寒地水稻生产中的应用效果。本研究设置了大钵、小钵、纯钵和毯式四种育秧盘进行育秧,并采用相应的插秧机进行秧苗移栽,试验结果表明,大钵、纯钵处理具有明显的增产效果,与农户常规相比分别提高产量17.3%、19.8%;由于秧棚投入等的差异,大钵处理的经济效益明显优于纯钵处理,但均高于农户常规,与农户常规相比分别增加经济效益13.6%、9.3%;小钵处理与农户常规相比差别不大。由于目前该技术与当地的高速插秧机不配套,无法进行大面积的推广应用,有待进行进一步的调整和改进。At present, there are some problems in rice production, such as poor seedling quality, the injury of rice seedling during transplanting, long time reviving and the low survival rate of low position tillers. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of different cup seedlings and mechanical transplanting technology for rice in cold region. In this experiment, pure cup seedling, big cup seeding, small cup seeding and traditional blanket seedling were compared. The results indicated that the big cup and pure cup seedlings significantly increased rice yield over traditional blanket seedling by 17.3% and 19.8%, respectively. Due to cost differences, the big cup seedling treatment was better than pure cup seedling treatment, but both increased economic profit compared with the traditional blanket seedling treatment by 13.6% and 9.3%, respectively. Small cup seedling treatment had similar performance as traditional blanket seedling treatment. the cup seedlings can not match the local high speed transplanter yet, making it difficult to be popularized in large area and need to be adjusted and improved further.

关 键 词：寒地水稻 钵育移栽 秧苗素质 经济效益 

分 类 号：S511.044[农业科学—作物学]