4U2A型双行马铃薯挖掘机的设计与试验  

Design and experimental analysis of 4U2A type double-row potato digger

作　　者：吕金庆[1] 田忠恩[1] 杨颖[1] 尚琴琴[1] 吴金娥[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2015年第6期17-24,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-10-P22);十二五科技支撑计划"现代化农业农机装备研究与示范"项目(2014BAD06B03);云南省冬季无公害高产技术体系构建及应用项目资助(2014YNC001)

摘　　要：针对粘重土壤马铃薯挖掘机作业阻力大、易堵塞、故障率高、机械损伤率高、分离效果差、明薯率低等突出问题,研究设计了4U2A型马铃薯挖掘机;通过对结构和工作原理的阐述及对由挖掘铲、分石栅、前导轮、压草轮、升运链等组成的防堵机构的理论分析及整机性能的试验研究,获得机具的具体作业性能参数,并与传统机型进行性能对比分析,证明各项性能参数的可靠性。试验结果表明:该机具解决了马铃薯收获机收获过程中阻力大、故障率高、夹草、堵塞、壅土等瓶颈问题,与传统机型相比耗柴油量每公顷少2.19 kg、机具的可靠性提高了3%、明薯率达98.8%,伤薯率为0.76%,破皮率为1.02%,提高了马铃薯收获的效率和质量。该研究为马铃薯收获机的研发提供理论支撑和技术参考。The domestic potato planting shows the main characteristics that it is distributed in scattered plots and hilly mountains regions with less acreage in the south of China. For some large foreign potato harvesters can be used in only few areas. According to the characteristics of domestic potato planting, the most way of harvesting potato is two-stage harvesting, so the digging model of potato harvester is common in the domestic potato diggers and is used in most areas in China. According to the regional users＇ feedback information and related field trials, it was found that problems of soil plug and weeds winding often appeared in the process of harvesting, and phenomenon of soil plug was more serious especially in northern cohesive soil. In the north, most of heavy soil not only restricts the development of potato harvest mechanization but also causes the damage of equipment and hence directly affects harvesting efficiency. Soil separation effect of chain elevator parts of potato digger is poor. The technology to prevent weeds winding, soil plug, jams, failure rate and mechanical damage is backward, which causes the damage to machines and tools and affects the efficiency of potato harvest greatly. It can not meet the requirement of the production of heavy soil, and severely restricts the healthy development of potato industry in the regions with heavy soil. So measures should be taken to improve the present situation. There are a lot of potato digger models in domestic, but afore-mentioned problems are almost universal. So designing a machine which can solve the soil plug of potato harvester and weeds winding around on the machine is very necessary. This paper aimed at the problems of chain elevator potato harvester in the process of potato two-stage harvesting, i.e. great resistance, failure rate, high mechanical damage rate and some key technical problems, and the 4U2 A type of potato digger was designed. The harvester＇s structure and working principle were illustrated and its anti-blockage mechanism was th

关 键 词：农业机械 农作物 机械化 马铃薯挖掘机 防堵机构 田间试验 性能指标 

分 类 号：S225.71[农业科学—农业机械化工程]