江苏省小麦草谷比及麦秸垂直空间分布特征  

Straw/Grain Ratio of Wheat and Vertical Distribution of Wheat Straw in Jiangsu Province

作　　者：顾克军[1] 许博[1] 顾东祥[1] 张斯梅[1] 张传辉[1] 石祖梁[1] 杨四军[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院循环农业研究中心/江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2015年第2期249-255,共7页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目〔cx(12)1002〕;国家科技支撑计划(2013BAD07B09);水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07101-004)

摘　　要：为了明确江苏省小麦秸秆资源总量及其空间分布特征,对江苏省13个春性和19个半冬性小麦品种的秸秆资源进行调查,将秸秆从基部向上依次截取4段长度为5 cm的秸秆,剩余部分为第5段（分别用0-5、〉5-10、〉10-15、〉15-20和〉20 cm表示）,对穗部单独进行脱粒处理,分别进行烘干称质量,在此基础上分析了品种类型和产量水平对小麦草谷比以及不同部位秸秆质量占秸秆总质量比例的影响。结果表明：春性品种草谷比极显著低于半冬性品种（P〈0.01）,春性品种草谷比平均为1.05-1.07,半冬性品种草谷比平均为1.38-1.40。2种生态型小麦品种的草谷比均呈随产量增加而减少的趋势,春性品种草谷比变化范围为0.96-1.42,半冬性品种草谷比变化范围为1.21-1.77,但年际间有所不同。2010—2011年,在中低产水平（4 000-6 250 kg·hm-2）条件下2种类型小麦品种草谷比显著大于超高产水平（〉8 500 kg·hm-2,P〈0.05）;而在2012—2013年,2种类型小麦品种草谷比在各产量水平间皆无显著差异。不同生态类型小麦品种秸秆在空间分布上有所不同,就0-5、〉5-10、〉10-15、〉15-20和〉20 cm以及穗轴颖壳6个部位秸秆质量占植株秸秆总质量的比例而言,春性品种依次为8.00%、7.06%、6.64%、6.57%、48.00%和23.75%,半冬性品种依次为10.11%、8.07%、7.39%、7.06%、44.53%和22.85%。当籽粒产量区间为〉4 750-8 500 kg·hm-2时,随产量的增加,植株从下至上各个部位秸秆质量占秸秆总质量的比例总体没有显著变化,而超高产水平（〉8 500 kg·hm-2）时穗轴颖壳质量占秸秆总质量的比例显著低于较低产量水平（4 000-4 750 kg·hm-2,P〈0.05）。江苏省小麦草谷比和麦秸空间分布受品种生态类型和籽粒产量水平的影响较大。In order to define total and characteristics of spatial distribution of the wheat straw resources in Jiangsu Province,investigations were done of straw resources of 13 varieties of spring wheat and 19 varieties of semi-winter wheat,commonly cultivated in Jiangsu Province. Samples of wheat straw were cut generally into 5 sections,5 cm each,beginning from the basal node,0-5,5-10, 10- 15, 15- 20 and 20 cm,dried and weighed separately and the spikes were threshed,leaving hull and rachis（ Section 6）,which were dried and weighed,too. On such a basis,analysis was done of straw/grain ratio and proportion of each section of straw to the whole wheat straw in biomass in relation to wheat variety and yield. Results show that the varieties of spring wheat were much lower than those of semi-winter wheat in straw/grain（ S /G） ratio. The former was 1. 05-1. 07 and the latter was 1. 38-1. 40 on average. However,both the two ecological types of wheat decreased in S/G ratio with increasing yield. The varieties of spring wheat varied in the range of 0. 96-1. 42,while those of semi-winter wheat did in the range of 1. 21- 1. 77. The variation differed from year to year. In the 2010- 2011 wheat season,the crops low in yield（ 4 000-6 250 kg·hm-2） were significantly higher in S/G than those super-high in yield（ 8 500 kg·hm-2）,while in the 2012—2013 wheat season,no significant difference in S/G between crops high or low in yield. The two varieties of wheat,different in eco-type,differed,too,in spatial distribution of straw. The proportion of the six parts（ 5 sections of straw and spike） was 8. 00%,7. 06%,6. 64%,6. 57%,48. 00% and 23. 75%,respectively,of the total of a whole spring wheat plant,and 10. 11%,8. 07%,7. 39%,7. 06%,44. 53% and 22. 85%,respectively,of the total of a whole semi-winter wheat plant. When the crop varied within the range from 4 750 to 8 500 kg·hm-2in yield,the proportions of the six parts of plant did not change much,but when the crop was super high in yield（ 8 500 kg·hm-2）,the proportio

关 键 词：小麦 草谷比 秸秆资源 空间分布 

分 类 号：X712[环境科学与工程—环境工程]