战争中的哲人——从苏格拉底到尼采  

Philosopher in War—— From Socrate to Nietzsche

作　　者：黄瑞成[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆大学人文社会科学高等研究院,研究员重庆400044

出　　处：《学术月刊》2015年第4期95-101,共7页Academic Monthly

基　　金：重庆大学中央高校基本科研业务费科研专项重大项目(CQDXWL-2012-Z006)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：尼采在其学术思想生涯的起点上参加了"普法战争",并从这一现实的政治行动中获得了其哲学的核心观念"权力意志"。未曾以"战争"为主题的哲人,不可能成为真正的政治哲人:尼采完全有理由避免参战,却毅然要求参战,这是深受苏格拉底战争经历的影响。孔子参与并一度主持鲁国政事是为了"治国",苏格拉底参加三次战役是为了服从城邦的法律,尼采服务于战争是"为祖国效力":真正的哲人与城邦或祖国休戚与共。然而,政治哲人参与包括"战争"这种政治的极端状态在内的具体政治实践,终究只可能是一种短暂的"政治"行动,古今中外,概莫能外。尽管真正的哲人都不是"和平主义者",但真正的哲人都不以"匹夫之勇"为其德性。真正的哲人明白,民众眼中的"胜利",终究只是"被缚的囚徒眼中火光映照在洞壁上的影子"。Just at the outset of his career of academics, Nietzsche served in the Prussian forces during the ＂Franco-Prussian War＂ as a medical orderly, and formed the central conception of ＂Will to Power＂ during the war. A philosopher who never treats ＂war＂ as a critical theme of his own would not be a true political philosopher： Nietzsche had good reason to avoid the war, but he resolutely ask for serving, because he was deeply influenced by Socrates＇ serving experiences during the ＂Peloponnesian War＂. Socrates or Nietzsche as ＂man＂ directly joining battles, cannot be compared with Confucius＇ strategizing to conduct the war as a rule, however, it can only be a sort of transient ＂political＂ action for all political philosophers to participate in political practices including ＂war＂, the extreme state of politics. Although all true philosophers are not ＂pacifists＂, all true philosophers don＇t regard the ＂manliness＂ as their virtue. True philosophers know that the ＂victory＂ in the opinion of common people is only ＂the shadows that the fire casts on the wall in front of fettered prisoners＂.

关 键 词：战争 权力意志 政治哲人 

分 类 号：D0[政治法律—政治学]