圈养条件下犬蝠对陌生食物首次取食行为的研究  

First Foraging of Cynopterus sphinx on Novel Food

作　　者：杨剑[1] 周善义[2] 巩艳艳[1] 洪体玉[1] 张光良[1] 谭梁静[1] 陈毅[1] 陈柏承 张礼标[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省昆虫研究所,广东省野生动物保护与利用公共实验室,广州510260 [2]广西师范大学生命科学学院,广西桂林541004 [3]广州大学生命科学学院,广州510006

出　　处：《四川动物》2015年第2期187-192,共6页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：广州市珠江科技新星专项(No.2011J2200027);广东省昆虫研究所创新人才基金项目(GDEI-cxrc201303);广东省科技计划项目(2013B050800024)

摘　　要：动物在觅食过程中,尝试取食陌生食物会给其带来潜在的风险或是利益。许多动物在首次遇到陌生食物时,不会立即对其进行取食,甚至感到恐惧而避开,这是动物应对陌生食物和环境的一种恐新行为(neophobia)。2010年10—12月,对广东省四会市圈养条件下的犬蝠Cynopterus sphinx取食行为进行研究。结果发现,在实验中犬蝠首次面对陌生食物(苹果)刺激时表现出2种不同的行为,14只实验个体中,6只在首次面对陌生食物时直接对其进行取食,定义其为探索者(explorer);而另外8只对陌生食物表现出了恐新行为,定义其为恐新者(coward)。在人为施加的环境压力下,恐新者经过反复试探,首次成功取食陌生食物后才接纳陌生食物。雌雄个体间(Mann-Whitney U test:雌性31.3 min±8.5 min,n=6,雄性122.8 min±16.2 min,n=5,U=721.0,P<0.001)及亚成体与成体间(Mann-Whitney U test:亚成体20.9 min±10.9 min,n=3,成体72.9 min±9.7 min,n=11,U=901.0,P<0.001)在首次取食行为上的差异均有统计学意义,雌性和亚成体个体更易于接受陌生食物。本文研究结果表明,犬蝠对陌生食物首次取食的这2种行为差异各自有其生态学意义,探索者的行为利于拓宽取食食物源,以应对野外多变的环境;而恐新者的行为可防止摄入过多有毒或营养过剩的食物。雌性倾向于探索陌生食物,可能与其在种群中的繁殖地位有关;亚成体积极探索陌生食物的行为则体现出其取食经验上的缺乏,同时也利于将陌生食物引入种群食谱中。行为的多样性利于种群繁衍,本文探讨了2种取食策略各自的利弊关系。In the process of animal foraging, the behavior on obtaining novel food will result in potential risks or benefits. Many animals will hesitate whether they are to eat the novel foods or not at the first encounter, and even frightened or refuse to eat it. Such animal behavioral propensity is known as neophobia to describe the behavior on coping with novel foods and ambient. Foraging behavior of captive short-nosed fruit bat （ Cynopterus sphinx） was observed in Sihui city （ Guangdong province） from October to December in 2010. They showed two different reactions when they were first stimulated by the no- vel foods （apple）. Among the fourteen experimental bats, six obtained apple directly for the first time, and these bats were therefore defined as explorers, while the others performed neophobia at the same condition, and these bats were defined as cowards which may accept the novel foods after repeated explorations. Significant differences were observed on the first feed- ing behavior between males and females （ Mann-Whitney U test ： females 31.3 min ± 8.5 min, n = 6, males 122.8 min ±16.2 min, n = 5, U = 721.0, P 〈 0. 001 ）, subadults and adults （Mann-Whitney U test ： subadults 20.9 min ±10.9 min, n =3, adults 72.9 min ±9.7 min, n = 11, U =901.0, P 〈0. 001 ）, suggested that the female and subaduh individuals may be easier to accept the novel foods. In conclusion, the two behaviors of short-nosed fruit bats against the novel foods at the first time had different ecological significance, the characteristics of explorers contributed to the explorement of food resources and survival in the variational wild environment, while the prudential foraging behavior had a positive meaning in re- ducing the risk of foods choice, and could effectively prevent animal from over-ingesting toxic or nutrient-rich foods. The females tended to explore the novel foods might be relevant to their breeding status, and the subadults actively explored strange foods might be beneficial to introduce it into popu

关 键 词：犬蝠 陌生食物 首次取食 恐新行为 探索行为 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]