上海话对上海普通话二合元音的影响——一项基于方言语料库的语音学研究  

Influence of Shanghai dialect on diphthongs in Shanghai-accented Mandarin:A phonetic study based on a Shanghai speech corpus

作　　者：于珏[1] 李爱军[2] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学外国语学院 [2]中国社会科学院语言研究所,北京建国门内大街5号100732

出　　处：《当代语言学》2015年第2期146-158,249,共13页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：同济大学人文社会科学青年基金项目(1100219109)经费资助

摘　　要：本文通过声学测量及分析,对比上海普通话和北京普通话的二合元音,从而探讨上海话对其习得的影响。本文发现:(1)受母语影响,上海普通话体现典型中介语特点;(2)两种普通话女声之间的系统差异性强于男声;(3)上海普通话中部分二合元音的共振峰模式偏差较大,存在习得困难;(4)与女声相比,男声二合元音动程整体较弱,发音部位较央。In the early paper(Yu 2003),a contrastive study on the acoustic differences of basic vowels between Standard Mandarin,or Putonghua(also referred to as SC for Standard Chinese) and Shanghaiaccented Mandarin(ASH) has been made.But in addition to the rich inventory of basic vowels,SC has 9 diphthongs[ai,ei,ao,ou,ia,ie,ua,uo,ye].This paper will mainly focus on those diphthongs and try to find out the differences between SC and ASH,and conclude the acoustic and articulatory features of ASH diphthongs.The database used in this study was NOKIA-CASS,a special speech corpus designed and recorded for comparative study between SC and ASH.Here only the speech corpus for Shanghai part was used.All the recorded utterances were phonetically annotated on orthographic and pronunciation tiers by using Praat.Pronunciation variables or phonemic changes caused by dialect were annotated dedicatedly.Accents of ASH were first classified into three categories as light,medium and heavy by subjective criteria by dialectologists and objective criteria from statistical results obtained from the phonetic annotation.Then 9 diphthongs for 20 SC and 20 ASH speakers with medium accent were compared both on phonological and phonetic level.Our final findings are:(1) During the production of diphthongs for both SC and ASH speakers,target undershoots take place due to the relative short duration allocated for a particular target element as well as the co-articulatory influence of the adjacent element.(2) As an interlanguage,ASH shows its unique features:first,the location of its acoustic vocalic triangle is between Shanghai dialect(SHD) and SC,particularly female speakers;second,under the influence of SHD,the whole vocalic space of diphthongs in ASH speakers keeps more peripheral and front than that in SC speakers,which reveals the systematic features in the interlanguage's vowel system.(3) By individual T-test,the differences of the diphthongs between SC and ASH female speakers show greater significance;regarding the male speakers,data lacks consist

关 键 词：上海普通话 上海话 二合元音 系统差异 声学元音图 共振峰模式 

分 类 号：H173[语言文字—汉语]