2007年秋季珠江三角洲典型滨海湿地大型底栖动物群落现状  

Macrobenthos community status of the Pearl River Delta coastal wetland in autumn 2007

作　　者：王迪[1] 林昭进[2] 彭艳超[3] 李团结[1] 马玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局南海工程勘察中心,广东广州510300 [2]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 [3]国家海洋局珠海海洋监测中心,广东珠海519015

出　　处：《海洋科学》2015年第1期70-78,共9页Marine Sciences

基　　金：中国近海海洋综合调查与评价项目(908-01-ZH2专项;GD908-01-1专项);国家海洋局南海分局海洋科学技术局长基金资助项目(1201)

摘　　要：通过2007年11月在珠江三角洲进行的大型底栖动物调查,共获大型底栖动物4门16目32科43种,其中甲壳类最多,其次为多毛类和软体动物;各断面种类组成磨刀门最多,其次为淇澳岛和福田红树林,最少为香洲口。以优势度指数Y>0.02为判别标准,调查区优势种主要出现在甲壳类,分别为钩虾、中国双眼钩虾和日本大眼蟹。调查海区底栖生物平均总密度和平均总生物量分别为4035个/m2和198.56g/m2,各站位湿地生物的生物量差异较大。底栖动物群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)和均匀度指数(J′)平均值分别为1.270和0.52,水平不高。用SPSS软件将各站大型底栖动物的种类数、密度、生物量、多样性指数、均匀度指数等生态特征值与水深等理化因子进行了Pearson相关分析,结果表明多毛类密度与部分环境因子的相关性较好,其中与总Cr%、粉砂、黏土含量和平均粒径在0.01水平上显著负相关,与p H和K%0.05水平上显著正相关,与Cu%、Zn%和As%在0.05水平上显著负相关。软体动物密度也表现出与砂含量的显著正相关(P<0.05),以及与粉砂、黏土含量和平均粒径的显著负相关(P<0.05)。另外文中还应用了丰度/生物量比较法对珠江三角洲典型滨海湿地底栖动物群落结构状态进行了评价。Examining the benthic ecosystem is one way to monitor the changing environmental conditions. Ecological surveys of the macrobenthos in the Pearl River Delta coastal wetland were conducted in 2007. A total of 43 macrobenthic species were identified, including 17 species of crustacean, 11 species of polychaete, and 11 species of mollusk, as well as four other species. The greatest number of species was found in the Mo-DaoMen section, followed by QiAo Island and the FuTian section. Crustaceans were the dominant benthic group, while Gammarus sp., Ampelisca chinensis Imbach and Macrophthalmus （Mareotis） japonicus were the most abundant species. The average total density and average total biomass of macrobenthos were 4035 ind./m2 and 198.56 g/m2, respectively. The average abundance and biomass values showed a similar trend： both have highest values in the FuTian section. The diversity index was 1.27 （H′） and the evenness index was 0.52（J′）, which are relatively low values. The Polychaete density was negatively correlated with Cr%, silt%, clay%, Mz%, Cu%, Zn%and As%, and was positively correlated with pH and K%（P=0.05）. The Molluscan density was negatively correlated with silt%, clay% and Mz%, and was positively correlated with sand%. An abundance/biomass comparison curve was used to determine the levels of disturbance in the macrobenthic communities.

关 键 词：珠江三角洲 滨海湿地 底栖动物 群落现状 

分 类 号：Q178.53[生物学—水生生物学]