影响微种植体支抗稳定性的相关因素  

Factors affecting the stability of mini-implants

作　　者：林仰东[1] 吴也可[2] 

机构地区：[1]天津市第一中心医院口腔科,天津市300192 [2]成都中医药大学附属医院口腔科,四川省成都市610075

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2015年第8期1295-1300,共6页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

摘　　要：背景:微种植体因能提供骨内绝对支抗而被广泛应用于正畸、正颌的临床治疗中,然而脱落率较高一直是其主要缺点,如何提高微种植体的成功率成为近年来的主要研究方向。目的:总结影响微种植体稳定性的因素。方法:应用计算机检索万方数据库、维普数据库及PubMed数据库,检索关键词为"微种植体,稳定性,成功率,骨整合;mini-implants,stability,success rate,osseointegration"。结果与结论:微种植体是一种有效的支抗控制手段。微种植体的植入区域、植入方式、加载方式、植入后愈合时间等方面均是影响骨-种植体结合和稳定性的重要因素。要提高微种植体的成功率,临床治疗中必须选择适宜的植入区域,如建议临床上采取较厚的皮质骨与较高的微种植体;采用合理的植入和加载方式,研究表明非攻入型微种植体有利于降低早期正畸力学加载中为微种植体的脱落率;注重植入后愈合时期的维护,目前临床上倾向于植入后即刻或更早地对微种植体施加应力才能有更好的成功率。BACKGROUND：Mini-implants are widely applied in the clinical treatment of orthodontics and orthognathics, because they can provide absolute skeletal anchorage. However, the relatively high failure rates have always been their major drawback, and how to improve the success rates of mini-implants becomes the main research direction in recent years. OBJECTIVE：To summarize the factors influencing the stability of mini-implants. METHODS：A computer-based search of Wanfang, VIP and PubMed databases was performed using the keywords of “mini-implants, stability, success rate, osseointegration” in Chinese and English. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：Mibni-implants are an effective means of anchorage control. In clinics, the factors such as implant design, health status of patients, implantation methods and regions, loading patterns and maintenance after implantation wil al have an influence on the stability and success rates of mini-implants. To improve the success rate of the mini-implants, the selection of appropriate implant area is necessary in clinical applications, for example, thicker cortical bone and higher mini-implants are recommended clinicaly; using reasonable and loading implants, studies have shown that non-scored mini-implants is beneficial to reduce the dropout rate of mini-implants during early orthodontic loading; maintenance during healing periods after implantation is emphasized, and currently, stress loading on the mini-implants is preferred immediately after implantation or earlier, which can have a better success rate.

关 键 词：生物材料 口腔生物材料 微种植体 稳定性 成功率 骨整合 研究进展 

分 类 号：R318[医药卫生—生物医学工程]