城市热岛效应和气溶胶浓度的动力、热力学分析  

Dynamic and thermodynamic analysis of the urban heat island effect and aerosol concentration

作　　者：李耀锟[1,2] 巢纪平[3] 匡贡献 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学全球变化与地球系统科学研究院,北京100875 [2]全球变化研究协同创新中心,北京100875 [3]国家海洋环境预报中心,北京100081 [4]北京市2433信箱,北京100081

出　　处：《地球物理学报》2015年第3期729-740,共12页Chinese Journal of Geophysics

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2014CB953903);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2013YB45)资助

摘　　要：在能量平衡方程中引入气溶胶的吸收和散射作用,并与三维行星边界层运动方程组相耦合,根据温度分布显式求解运动场,探讨三维行星边界层内温度、运动、气溶胶浓度分布特征.结果表明,城市人为热释放直接决定了城市热岛效应的强度,城市面积越大,城市热岛效应的强度也越强,城市面积固定时,城市越分散,城市热岛效应的强度越弱,这为城市建设多采取卫星城的方式提供了一定的理论支撑.气溶胶的散射作用要大于吸收作用,其对城市热岛效应的强度主要起削弱作用,当气溶胶浓度较大时,吸收作用更显著一些,此时城市热岛效应的强度会有一定的增强,但是幅度不大.当城市热岛效应的强度增强时,其所驱动的环流也会增强,造成城区中心气溶胶浓度略有下降.With the accelerating urbanization and deteriorating urban environment,the interaction between urban heat island（UHI）effect and air pollutants has been attracting more attention.On one hand,the circulation induced by the UHI effect could rearrange the distribution of the air pollutants in the planetary boundary layer（PBL）.On the other hand,air pollutants could influence the UHI effect by absorbing and scattering effects on radiation processes.Using a theoretical model,the relationship between UHI effect and air pollutants is analytically solved in two types of city distributions：a single big city and urban agglomeration.Dividing the long-wave radiation absorption spectrum into strong and weak parts,then the radiation processes could be expressed as functions of the temperature distribution.Setting thetemperature declines exponentially with height,then the three-dimensional PBL motion could also be expressed as functions of the temperature distribution.If fixing the air pollutants emission intensity,the radiation absorption coefficients could be determined.Then substituting the coefficients into the temperature equation,it is easy to solve the temperature equation and to calculate the three-dimensional PBL motion which in turn could influence the air pollutants concentration.Therefore,the UHI effect and air pollutants are coupled through the theory.The UHI effect is directly determined by the anthropogenic heat release intensity.The larger a city is,the stronger the UHI is.When the area of a city is given,the more scattering the city is,the weaker UHI is.This provides certain theoretical support for the multi-city conurbation approach in city construction and development.The situation is similar to the air pollutants concentration.Stronger emission intensity corresponds to higher air pollutants concentration.Same emission intensity causes more serious pollution in a single big city than in urban agglomeration.It also implies that the multi-city conurbation could bring better air quality.With strengthenin

关 键 词：行星边界层 能量平衡方程 城市热岛效应 空气污染物 城市群 

分 类 号：P404[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]