新安江上游减轻磷素面源污染生态系统服务及价值  

Ecosystem service and economic valuation in the upper reaches of Xin 'an River,Anhui,China for mitigating phosphorus nonpoint source pollution

作　　者：何方[1] 吴楠[2] 方降龙[2] 高吉喜[3] 周晓铁[2] 冯朝阳[4] 

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,合肥230036 [2]安徽省环境科学研究院,合肥230071 [3]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,南京210042 [4]中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护区域生态过程与功能评估重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2015年第4期1253-1262,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：安徽省省级环保科研计划项目(2011-001-1;2012-006);"十二五"农村领域国家科技计划项目(2012BAJ21B07-02)资助

摘　　要：结合不同土地覆被磷素输出系数和净化系数,构建了流域磷素净化模型,并结合流域出口断面的期望水质与净化污染物的边际成本模拟服务价值,将模型运用于安徽境内新安江上游.结果表明:2000—2010年,屯溪区、绩溪、歙县、黟县以及休宁县城周边部分农田被建成区占用.新安江上游磷素输出总量在10年间小幅减少,农田和建城区是新安江上游最主要的磷素污染源.输出的磷素一半以上在向流域出口运移的过程中被各类土地覆被有效净化.净化磷素量与磷素输出量的高值分布类似,均集中于北部的扬之河、丰乐河和横江等子流域.因当前土地覆被格局不尽合理,林草净化磷素的能力未能得到有效发挥.研究区生态系统服务的总经济价值在2000和2010年分别达到380.3和331.0万元.A model of phosphorus purification in a watershed was established based on the export coefficient and purification index of phosphorus in different types of land cover. The model was em- ployed to simulate the economic value of the ecosystem service with the expected water quality standard and marginal cost of pollutant purification of the upper reaches of Xin＇ an River of Anhui, China. The results revealed that from 2000 to 2010, some farmland outside the Tunxi, Jixi, She- xian, Yixian and Xiuning was converted to built-up land. The total amount of phosphorus exported to the upper Xin＇ an River decreased a little, and the main source of phosphorus pollution was farm- land and buih-up land. More than half of the exported phosphorus was efficiently purified by differ- ent types of land cover via flow accumulation. The pattern of purification and export of highly con- centrated phosphorus showed the same trend which occurred in the northern part of the watershed including the Yangzhi River, Fengle River and Hengjiang River. Forestland and grassland did not efficiently purify phosphorus in the watershed owing to the irrational distribution of existing land cov- er. The total service value was 3.80 and 3.31 million Yuan in 2000 and 2010, respectively.

关 键 词：面源污染 新安江上游 土地覆被 净化磷素量 经济价值 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]