中国城市污水处理厂甲烷排放因子研究  

Study on the Methane Emission Factors of Wastewater Treatment Plants in China

作　　者：蔡博峰[1] 高庆先[2] 李中华[3] 吴静[3] 曹东[1] 刘兰翠[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部环境规划院,北京100012 [2]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [3]清华大学环境学院,北京100084

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2015年第4期118-124,共7页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：环境保护部重点项目"非二氧化碳温室气体核算研究";国家自然科学基金资助项目"中国城市碳排放清单核心问题研究"(编号:41101500)

摘　　要：污水处理厂CH4排放因子主要取决于处理工艺。根据污水处理厂处理工艺及其对CH4排放的影响,污水处理工艺可分为厌氧工艺、好氧为主处理工艺和非生物处理工艺。经调查和统计分析,中国污水处理厂78.48%的COD是经过好氧为主处理工艺去除,9.78%是经过非生物过程去除,仅11.74%的COD经过完全厌氧工艺处理。因而,针对不同处理类型建立适合中国的排放因子非常重要。根据现场实测和理论分析,建立中国污水处理厂不同处理类型的排放因子,其相比IPCC专家经验建立的排放因子整体偏低。生活和工业的好氧为主处理工艺的排放因子基本都在IPCC缺省范围的低值区间内。厌氧工艺排放因子要明显低于IPCC的缺省值,但和国内国际的实测数据更加接近,主要原因是IPCC的排放因子基于专家经验,基本接近最大产CH4能力,而实际情况很难达到。根据不同工艺排放因子及该工艺在全国COD去除量比例,加权得到中国全国平均排放因子,分别为生活污水处理厂排放因子为0.007 8 kg CH4/kg COD,工业废(污)水处理厂排放因子为0.035 4 kg CH4/kg COD。同时根据各省不同处理工艺COD去除比例,建立中国各省污水处理厂CH4排放因子体系,从而便于各省和国家直接采用COD去除量得到相对准确的CH4排放水平。对于生活污水处理厂,西藏、湖北等省较高,主要是西藏的生活污水处理厂全部采用厌氧工艺,而湖北的生活污水的厌氧工艺处理比例达到了41%。辽宁、福建的工业污水处理厂排放因子较高,因为辽宁工业污水处理厂都采用了厌氧工艺,而福建的工业污水的厌氧工艺处理比例达到了93%。The methane emission factors of wastewater treatment are substantially determined by the treatment technical types. The technical types could be categorized as anaerobic biological process,aerobic-dominant biological process and non-biological process.78. 48% of COD in wastewater treatment plants（ WTP） were removed by aerobic-dominant biological process,9. 78% by nonbiological process,and only 11. 74% by anaerobic biological process,based on our survey and statistical analysis. This warrants the establishment of China specific emission factors. The CH4 emission factors for different treatment technologies in WTP are built based on situ-monitoring,laboratory analysis,field investigation and statistical data analysis. The built emission factors for aerobic-dominant biological process are in the value range recommended by IPCC. The emission factors for anaerobic biological process are lower than the default value in IPCC guideline,but comparable with field measured data from domestic and international study. The main reason for this discrepancy is that the emission factors in IPCC are derived from expertise,which approaches the maximum CH4 producing potential but actually difficult to achieve in the normal operation of WTP. The national average emission factors for domestic and industrial wastewater treatment are 0. 007 8 kg CH4/ kg COD and 0. 035 4 kg CH4/ kg COD respectively. The provincial emission factors are also provided by the process-based factors weighted by the COD removal ratio in different process in each province. The emission factors of domestic WTP are higher in Tibet,Hubei Province etc.,mainly because the domestic COD removal is 100% and41% in anaerobic biological process in Tibet and Hubei respectively. The emission factors of industrial WTP are higher in Liaoning,Fujian Provinces,due to the 100% and 93% of COD removal in anaerobic biological process in Liaoning and Fujian respectively.

关 键 词：污水处理厂 CH4 排放因子 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]