台湾地区土壤及地下水污染整治基金管理经验及其启示  

The Management Experiences of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Remediation Fund in Chinese Taiwan and Its Enlightments

作　　者：孙飞翔[1] 李丽平[1] 原庆丹[1] 徐欣[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部环境与经济政策研究中心,北京100029

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2015年第4期155-162,共8页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：环境保护部国库资金项目"地下水基础环境状况调查评估"(编号:2110302)

摘　　要：大陆土壤及地下水污染现状不容乐观,大量受污染的场地需要及时治理,目前主要依靠国家专项治理项目的形式应对,缺乏持久而稳定的资金保障是难以有效治理的主要瓶颈。台湾地区成立了土壤及地下水污染整治基金,成效显著,污染场地的调查和修复工作完成率已分别达到48.50%和44.58%,并带动了环保产业发展、提升了社会经济效益,其经验和特点可总结为:一是,依法律形式明确,基于"土壤及地下水污染整治法"成立,收支与管理有明确规定;二是,来源包括征收费用、基金自身利息和政府拨款三类,以向企业收取污染整治费作为基金主要来源;三是,管理上由环保部门牵头成立基金管理委员会,政府官员、专家、学者多方共同决策;四是,基金使用以采购社会化服务为主,提高基金使用效率;五是,为保证基金的可持续,采取垫付追偿模式,开展有偿整治;六是,为提高企业参与积极性,采用以奖代罚模式,鼓励主动预防污染。为了把生态环境保护上升到公众意识与社会文明的层面以落实可持续发展、开展生态文明建设,大陆已经修订了《中华人民共和国环境保护法》,明确了保护优先、预防为主、综合治理、公众参与、损害担责的原则,并即将出台《水污染防治行动计划》与《土壤污染防治行动计划》对水土环境进行更为严格有效的治理与保护。基于目前我国土壤及地下水污染现状与治理困境,归纳和借鉴台湾地区经验,我们建议:建立土壤及地下水污染防治基金,将向石化行业和化学品行业收取污染修复费作为主要来源;将资金解决机制写入《水污染防治法》等政策性文件,明确法律依据;由环保部门牵头基金管理并吸取其他部门以及专家等多方人员参与;注重通过采购社会化服务、收费返还等措施提高污染防治实效。The soil and groundwater pollution is serious in China and large areas of polluted sites require remediation in time. At present,the pollution remediation mainly depends on special funds at national levels. However,the lack of sustainable and stable funds guarantee is the biggest constraint in soil and groundwater pollution remediation progress. In Chinese Taiwan,the establishment of‘Soil and Groundwater Pollution Remediation Fund＇（ SGPRF） provides a good example. With the support of this fund,the site investigation rate has reached 48. 50%,while the remedation rate has reached 44. 58%. Moreover,the environmental protection industry and social economics also benefits from the SGPRF. Experiences and characteristics of the SGPRF are as follows： First,the fund is established according to ‘Soil and Groundwater Remediation Act＇,which provides clear references to the management of the fund. Second,the source of the fund covers widely,including the collected costs,the fund＇s own interest and government funding.Nonetheless,the pollution remediation fees from enterprises is the major one. Third,the operation and management of the fund is based on the establishment of a Fund Committee-‘Soil and Groundwater Pollution Remediation Fund Management Board＇,which is composed of government officials,experts,and scholars. Fourth,purchasing social services is the main use of the fund,while high using efficiency is an important advantage. Fifth,‘paid and recourse＇mode is adopted to guarantee the sustainability of the Fund.Sixth,award approaches are established as initiatives to enterprises in pollution prevention,instead of enhancing punishment measures.In order to ensure sustainable development and build‘ecological civilization＇,it is necessary to educate the society. For this purpose,the China's Mainland has revised Environmental Protection Law of the People＇s Republic of China,in which the principles of superiority of protection,main dependence on prevention,comprehensive remediation,social participat

关 键 词：台湾地区 土壤及地下水修复 土壤及地下水污染整治基金 环境管理 

分 类 号：X323[环境科学与工程—环境工程]